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<p>During tumor occurrence, development, and treatment, tumor cells undergo energy and metabolic reprogramming, resulting in specific amino acids shortages and the presence of amino acid metabolites accumulating in the surrounding environment, which contribute to drug-resistance and immune evasion. Consequently, regulation of amino acid metabolism is a crucial aspect of tumor therapy. However, many amino acid metabolic regulators exhibit limited accumulation at the tumor site, leading to low treatment efficacy and heightened side effects. For example, high doses (up to 1200 mg twice daily) are necessary for the oral administration of indolimod to counteract its poor aqueous solubility, rapid clearance from the bloodstream, and limited accumulation at the tumor site. Encapsulation of amino acid metabolized pharmaceuticals using nanoplatforms is an essential means to address application challenges. In this review, we will first introduce the impact of amino acid metabolism on tumor cells and immune cells. Secondly, it discusses the current research status and mechanism of nano-engineered medications that target amino acid metabolism in synergy with other therapeutic modalities to fight against tumors. Finally, we summarize the features of amino acid metabolic regulation studies to provide new strategies for the development of antitumor nanomedicines.</p>

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Recent advances in nanomedicine targeting amino acid metabolism for anti-tumor therapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月4日

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  • Cui Pang,
  • Xueru Song,
  • Yizhou Luo,
  • Huiyu Li,
  • Wenqi Guo,
  • Wanyi Liu,
  • Hui Feng,
  • Yizhang Wu,
  • Xiaoyuan Chu,
  • Zengjie Lei

摘要

During tumor occurrence, development, and treatment, tumor cells undergo energy and metabolic reprogramming, resulting in specific amino acids shortages and the presence of amino acid metabolites accumulating in the surrounding environment, which contribute to drug-resistance and immune evasion. Consequently, regulation of amino acid metabolism is a crucial aspect of tumor therapy. However, many amino acid metabolic regulators exhibit limited accumulation at the tumor site, leading to low treatment efficacy and heightened side effects. For example, high doses (up to 1200 mg twice daily) are necessary for the oral administration of indolimod to counteract its poor aqueous solubility, rapid clearance from the bloodstream, and limited accumulation at the tumor site. Encapsulation of amino acid metabolized pharmaceuticals using nanoplatforms is an essential means to address application challenges. In this review, we will first introduce the impact of amino acid metabolism on tumor cells and immune cells. Secondly, it discusses the current research status and mechanism of nano-engineered medications that target amino acid metabolism in synergy with other therapeutic modalities to fight against tumors. Finally, we summarize the features of amino acid metabolic regulation studies to provide new strategies for the development of antitumor nanomedicines.