Electrochemical synthesis of nano-hydroxyapatite homogeneously doped with europium and modified with folic acid
摘要
Hydroxyapatite (Hap) is a mineral extensively studied as an applied biomaterial due to its biocompatibility and physicochemical capabilities. Many methods of Hap synthesis have been developed, and multiple modifications have been proposed to improve its behaviour under different biological contexts and applications, like doping Hap with lanthanides to introduce luminescent characteristics to the material or adding molecules to interact with specific cellular receptors. The aim of this study was to synthesize a nanocrystalline Hap using an electrochemical method, also modified with a europium homogeneous doping and folic acid, as a potential applied biomaterial design. The material synthesized was extensively characterized and confirmed as a crystalline nanometric Hap, and the Eu homogeneous distribution within the nanomaterial was achieved after testing different variations of the electrochemical method. Also, folic acid (FA) modification of the material was completed via a direct interaction between the FA and the Hap-Eu surface. Hap-Eu nanoparticles synthesized were biocompatible and demonstrated luminescent properties within a cellular context, confirming its potential as an applied biomaterial. Thus, the homogeneous Eu3+-doped Hap nanomaterials obtained through this method of synthesis, and its FA modification, proved to be practical candidates for further research on novel and more specific biomaterials.
Graphical abstract