<p>The consumption of fossil fuels as non-renewable energy sources has been rising, posing significant threats to both human life and the environment. Currently, the research focuses on addressing the high energy demands of modern society. Supercapacitors have garnered considerable attention drawn because of their exceptional features such as high power density, reliable long cycle stability, rapid charge/discharge capabilities, and environmentally friendly nature. Supercapacitor performance depends significantly on the large surface area of electrode materials and the characteristics of the electrolyte. Renowned for its outstanding potential as an electrode material, graphene is highlighted in this review, particularly when combined with TMOs such as Ru, Co, Ni, and Mn. This study explores TMOs with various nanocomposites emphasizing their roles in supercapacitor electrodes and detailing the charge/discharge mechanisms. It also highlights current trends and potential future research avenues to enhance the performance of next-generation supercapacitor devices.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>