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<p>Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have gained popularity in the research world due to their numerous applications including optoelectronics, biosensors, lasers, and photonics. In this research, the theoretical study of Li<sub>12</sub>F<sub>12</sub> nanocage doped with alkali and superalkali metal atoms is examined for the first time. DFT calculations are used to explore the electronics, stability, geometric, and nonlinear properties. The stability of designed isomers is predicted by the negative interaction energy values, with an isomer of Li<sub>3</sub>O@ Li<sub>12</sub>F<sub>12</sub> nanocage exhibiting the higher interaction energy (<i>E</i><sub>b</sub>) of − 49.46&#xa0;kcal/mol. Doping Li<sub>12</sub>F<sub>12</sub> nanocage with alkali (A) and superalkali (SA) decreased the HOMO–LUMO band gap. For doped isomers, a reduction in the energy gap up to 0.88&#xa0;eV has been observed for K<sub>3</sub>O@ Li<sub>12</sub>F<sub>12</sub> nanocage which improves the NLO behavior. The maximum first hyperpolarizability value of designed isomers is 4.99 × 10<sup>5</sup> au (VII-K<sub>3</sub>O). NBO and DOS spectra are used to evaluate the charge transfer, the contribution of various parts, and their interactions. NCI analysis is used to perform different types of interactions between Li<sub>12</sub>F<sub>12</sub> nanocage and alkali (Li, Na, K)-superalkali (Li<sub>3</sub>O, Li<sub>4</sub>N, K<sub>3</sub>O, Na<sub>3</sub>O). According to the TD-DFT calculations, complexes have <i>λ</i><sub>max</sub> in the near IR and visible region. The QTAIM analysis revealed weak covalent interactions except Na<sub>3</sub>O and Li<sub>4</sub>N complexes. This research may provide a path for the development of stable Li<sub>12</sub>F<sub>12</sub> nanocage isomers, which will serve as essential building blocks for highly effective NLO materials.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Development of highly efficient nonlinear optical materials based on alkali and superalkali metals-doped Li12F12 nanocages for advanced electro-optic applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月17日

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  • Aneela Ahmad,
  • Junaid Yaqoob,
  • Muhammad Usman Khan,
  • Mazhar Amjad Gilani,
  • Muhammad Adnan Ayub,
  • Omaid Ullah Anwar,
  • Abrar Ul Hassan,
  • Tansir Ahamad

摘要

Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have gained popularity in the research world due to their numerous applications including optoelectronics, biosensors, lasers, and photonics. In this research, the theoretical study of Li12F12 nanocage doped with alkali and superalkali metal atoms is examined for the first time. DFT calculations are used to explore the electronics, stability, geometric, and nonlinear properties. The stability of designed isomers is predicted by the negative interaction energy values, with an isomer of Li3O@ Li12F12 nanocage exhibiting the higher interaction energy (Eb) of − 49.46 kcal/mol. Doping Li12F12 nanocage with alkali (A) and superalkali (SA) decreased the HOMO–LUMO band gap. For doped isomers, a reduction in the energy gap up to 0.88 eV has been observed for K3O@ Li12F12 nanocage which improves the NLO behavior. The maximum first hyperpolarizability value of designed isomers is 4.99 × 105 au (VII-K3O). NBO and DOS spectra are used to evaluate the charge transfer, the contribution of various parts, and their interactions. NCI analysis is used to perform different types of interactions between Li12F12 nanocage and alkali (Li, Na, K)-superalkali (Li3O, Li4N, K3O, Na3O). According to the TD-DFT calculations, complexes have λmax in the near IR and visible region. The QTAIM analysis revealed weak covalent interactions except Na3O and Li4N complexes. This research may provide a path for the development of stable Li12F12 nanocage isomers, which will serve as essential building blocks for highly effective NLO materials.

Graphical Abstract