N-acetyl-d-glucosamine decorated solid lipid nanoparticles for targeted tamoxifen delivery to breast cancer cells

One of the primary challenges associated with current chemotherapy lies in its inherent toxicity to healthy cells, leading to severe side effects. Recognizing the need for a more targeted approach, we have focused on tumor-specific drug delivery. Cancer cells, being highly metabolic, exhibit a significant increase in glucose consumption approximately 200 times more than normal cells for their rapid growth. To address this, we have engineered GLcNAc-modified solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) designed to be actively internalized by cancer cells, thereby facilitating precise drug delivery to tumors. The developed GLcNAc-TMX-SLNPs are characterized by a size range of 200 to 250 nm and a surface charge of -25 to -35 mV. Their structural properties were thoroughly examined using techniques such as DSC, FTIR, and TEM. In the evaluation of drug release within the tumor microenvironment pH, a biphasic release pattern was observed, with 73.54 ± 0.73% release of TMX within 48 h. Importantly, the hemolysis caused by these developed SLNPs was found to be less than 5%, indicating their suitability for intravenous administration. Cellular uptake studies conducted on MDA-MB-231 cells underscored the targeted characteristics of the developed formulations. With a stable lipid composition, these SLNPs present a promising and stable platform for anticancer treatment. By minimizing off-target effects and enhancing drug delivery precision, our approach holds potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy while mitigating its impact on healthy cells.