Optimization of magnetic and magnetodielectric effect for BiFe(Nd)O₃ nanoparticles

The BiFe_1-xNd_xO₃ (x = 0.00, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12) (BFNO) nanoparticles have been synthesized successfully through the chemical coprecipitation technique. The effect of neodymium (Nd) doping on structural, dielectric, magnetic, and magnetodielectric properties of BiFeO₃ (BFO) multiferroic nanoparticles has been reported here. The Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data confirms the formation of rhombohedral crystal structure (R3c space group) of the prepared nanomaterials. The average crystallite size obtained from XRD is in the range of 54 to 21 nm for pure and doped materials. The transmission electron microscope (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the samples indicate the particle size, high crystallinity, and incorporation of Nd³⁺ ions respectively. The dielectric parameters and real-imaginary part of impedance behavior point out the transport mechanism of the doped samples. The magnetic and magnetodielectric properties of the doped nanomaterials have been enhanced than the pure BFO. The magnetic moment of BFNO samples increases due to the suppression of oxygen vacancies in accordance with the reduced super-exchange interaction of Fe²⁺-O-Fe³⁺. The leakage current and the multiferroic properties have been checked for all the samples at room temperature.