Structural characterization and magnetic behavior of Ni₂FeGa alloy nanowires fabricated by pulsed electrodeposition

Ni_44.1Fe_33.2Ga_22.8 (NFG) Heusler alloy nanowires were fabricated using a pulsed electrodeposition method. The challenge of co-depositing the Ga element in ternary alloy nanowires was addressed by employing dual complexing agents, high current, and high Ga ion concentrations. The nanowire structure was confirmed to be the B2 phase through XRD and TEM analyses. Furthermore, elemental mapping and multiple-point EDS measurements verified the homogeneous composition distribution within the nanowires. The nanowires exhibited diameters of approximately 70 nm and lengths ranging from 3 to 5 μm. The magnetic properties, including M-H and M-T dependencies, Landé g-factor, and saturation magnetization (M_s), were characterized using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) techniques. No martensitic transformation was observed in the nanowires within the temperature range of 80 to 370 K. Ultimately, this work provides a fabrication strategy for the co-deposition of elements with significant potential differences in multi-component alloy electrodeposition systems.