Current progress in the synthesis of zeolite crystals at low temperatures and their catalytic applications

Zeolite is an interesting material with a broad range of applications, particularly in industrial catalysts, which transform raw materials into valuable products. For use in industry, it is imperative to take into account advantageous factors, including low cost, low energy consumption, safety, and sustainability in the synthesizing of zeolite. As a result, further development needs to be performed on designing zeolite synthesis at lower temperatures. However, lowering temperatures in the zeolite synthesis offers several drawbacks, including slower reaction rates and narrower pore sizes. Several strategies have been attempted to address the limitation, including longer synthesis times, the use of templates, mesoporogens, and other methods. Therefore, it is interesting to examine the manufacture of zeolites at low temperatures and their use in the catalytic process comprehensively. In addition, we offer a concise techno-economic analysis for consideration in the scaling-up process.