<p>This paper argues, based on novel evidence and data from the literature, that neither theories of <i>weak familiarity</i> (Arkoh and Matthewson <CitationRef CitationID="CR7">2013</CitationRef>) nor <i>situational uniqueness</i> (Bombi <CitationRef CitationID="CR10">2018</CitationRef>) adequately capture the empirical terrain of definiteness in Akan. I show that the distribution of the Akan definiteness marker <i>nó</i> spans the strong and weak article definite contexts described in Schwarz (<CitationRef CitationID="CR44">2009</CitationRef>). The only context where <i>nó</i> is not allowed is when the noun is semantically unique. To account for this distribution, I argue that <i>nó</i> carries a weak familiarity presupposition in line with Arkoh and Matthewson (<CitationRef CitationID="CR7">2013</CitationRef>), but it also carries an <i>antiuniqueness</i> presupposition as proposed by Robinson (<CitationRef CitationID="CR41">2005</CitationRef>), Dayal and Jiang (<CitationRef CitationID="CR19">2022</CitationRef>) for demonstratives. It takes a property and returns the unique familiar entity that satisfies that property on the condition that there is more than one satisfier of that property in the world. Regarding the definite readings of bare nouns in Akan, I contend that, in addition to <i>nó</i>, there is also a covert <span>iota</span> type-shift. The fundamental assumptions underlying this analysis are that type-shifters and their rankings are universal and that the blocking principle is activated if the lexical item and the type-shifter have the same meaning. The distribution of <i>nó</i> and bare definites, along with the demonstrative <i>saa...nó</i>, suggests a distinct determiner system that differs from languages with two definite determiners, like German (Schwarz <CitationRef CitationID="CR44">2009</CitationRef>), and languages with bare nouns, like Mandarin (Jenks <CitationRef CitationID="CR29">2015</CitationRef>).</p>

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On the strong–weak status of the Akan definiteness marker

  • Augustina P. Owusu

摘要

This paper argues, based on novel evidence and data from the literature, that neither theories of weak familiarity (Arkoh and Matthewson 2013) nor situational uniqueness (Bombi 2018) adequately capture the empirical terrain of definiteness in Akan. I show that the distribution of the Akan definiteness marker spans the strong and weak article definite contexts described in Schwarz (2009). The only context where is not allowed is when the noun is semantically unique. To account for this distribution, I argue that carries a weak familiarity presupposition in line with Arkoh and Matthewson (2013), but it also carries an antiuniqueness presupposition as proposed by Robinson (2005), Dayal and Jiang (2022) for demonstratives. It takes a property and returns the unique familiar entity that satisfies that property on the condition that there is more than one satisfier of that property in the world. Regarding the definite readings of bare nouns in Akan, I contend that, in addition to , there is also a covert iota type-shift. The fundamental assumptions underlying this analysis are that type-shifters and their rankings are universal and that the blocking principle is activated if the lexical item and the type-shifter have the same meaning. The distribution of and bare definites, along with the demonstrative saa...nó, suggests a distinct determiner system that differs from languages with two definite determiners, like German (Schwarz 2009), and languages with bare nouns, like Mandarin (Jenks 2015).