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Rationale <p>The antifungal armamentarium is shrinking while resistance to licensed agents rises. Historically, actinomycetes and fungi delivered nystatin, amphotericin B, griseofulvin and the echinocandin scaffold, yet plant-derived compounds—despite potent in-vitro activity—have rarely reached the clinic.</p> Objective <p>To frame the recent in-vivo success of papaya-seed essential oil against fluconazole-sensitive and -resistant <i>Candida albicans</i> within the broader context of plant-based antifungal discovery, and to propose rigorous criteria that can accelerate translation, especially considering varying resource settings.</p> Key Points <p>Commentary on Ma et al. (Mycopathologia 190(5):1–14, 2025) showing that benzyl-isothiocyanate-rich papaya-seed oil outperforms fluconazole in a murine systemic candidiasis model without acute toxicity; Historical perspective on how soil microbes provided the first broad-spectrum antifungals; An eight-point checklist for future plant-extract studies, with essential and suggested elements to promote high-quality research across different laboratory settings.</p> Conclusion <p>Adherence to core methodological standards, along with suggested advanced analyses where feasible, will help identify promising plant-derived antifungal leads and support a more inclusive and effective discovery pipeline.</p>

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Brief Primer on the Discovery of New Antifungal Drugs from Plant Sources

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月11日

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  • Yinggai Song,
  • Vishnu Chaturvedi

摘要

Rationale

The antifungal armamentarium is shrinking while resistance to licensed agents rises. Historically, actinomycetes and fungi delivered nystatin, amphotericin B, griseofulvin and the echinocandin scaffold, yet plant-derived compounds—despite potent in-vitro activity—have rarely reached the clinic.

Objective

To frame the recent in-vivo success of papaya-seed essential oil against fluconazole-sensitive and -resistant Candida albicans within the broader context of plant-based antifungal discovery, and to propose rigorous criteria that can accelerate translation, especially considering varying resource settings.

Key Points

Commentary on Ma et al. (Mycopathologia 190(5):1–14, 2025) showing that benzyl-isothiocyanate-rich papaya-seed oil outperforms fluconazole in a murine systemic candidiasis model without acute toxicity; Historical perspective on how soil microbes provided the first broad-spectrum antifungals; An eight-point checklist for future plant-extract studies, with essential and suggested elements to promote high-quality research across different laboratory settings.

Conclusion

Adherence to core methodological standards, along with suggested advanced analyses where feasible, will help identify promising plant-derived antifungal leads and support a more inclusive and effective discovery pipeline.