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<p>Reliable prediction of grout migration and sealing performance remains critically challenging since natural fracture network is geometrically complex and inherently opaque to direct observation. Existing predictive approaches for grouting design and performance assessment often simplify grout-water interactions via single-phase flow idealizations, and the time-dependent evolution of grout rheology is inadequately represented, particularly for realistic three-dimensional fracture systems. In this study, we develop a new computational model for immiscible two-phase grout-water flow based on the fractured porous media framework. By further incorporating hydration-induced viscosity evolution and reconstructing three-dimensional discrete fracture network, the spatial transport of hydrating grout in stochastically fractured rock mass has been rationally captured. The numerical results reveal that the spatial topology and connectivity characteristics of discontinuity systems dictate preferential grout penetration pathways, yielding strongly anisotropic and path-dependent diffusion patterns. Meanwhile, the progressive pressure attenuation and viscosity growth can contribute to pronounced deceleration of grout diffusion. Application to high-pressure grouting at a pumped storage hydropower project demonstrates that, increasing the injection pressure from 2&#xa0;MPa to 8&#xa0;MPa raises the fracture sealing ratio from 11.92% to 27.72% and the matrix sealing ratio from 3.71% to 10.28% after 60&#xa0;min of injection, although the marginal gain in sealing efficiency progressively diminishes. Owing to slower viscosity growth and longer workability, the 100:6:1 grout mixture achieves higher sealing ratios compared with the faster-setting 100:7:1.5 mixture. The present study could shed light on the physics-based optimization of grouting design as well as the visualization-supported assessment of sealing efficacy in complex geological settings.</p>

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Modeling spatial propagation of hydrating grout in stochastic discrete fracture network

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Zhihong Zhu,
  • Meng Yang,
  • Tianping Mei,
  • Guangli Xu,
  • Yun Zhou,
  • Gongda Lu

摘要

Reliable prediction of grout migration and sealing performance remains critically challenging since natural fracture network is geometrically complex and inherently opaque to direct observation. Existing predictive approaches for grouting design and performance assessment often simplify grout-water interactions via single-phase flow idealizations, and the time-dependent evolution of grout rheology is inadequately represented, particularly for realistic three-dimensional fracture systems. In this study, we develop a new computational model for immiscible two-phase grout-water flow based on the fractured porous media framework. By further incorporating hydration-induced viscosity evolution and reconstructing three-dimensional discrete fracture network, the spatial transport of hydrating grout in stochastically fractured rock mass has been rationally captured. The numerical results reveal that the spatial topology and connectivity characteristics of discontinuity systems dictate preferential grout penetration pathways, yielding strongly anisotropic and path-dependent diffusion patterns. Meanwhile, the progressive pressure attenuation and viscosity growth can contribute to pronounced deceleration of grout diffusion. Application to high-pressure grouting at a pumped storage hydropower project demonstrates that, increasing the injection pressure from 2 MPa to 8 MPa raises the fracture sealing ratio from 11.92% to 27.72% and the matrix sealing ratio from 3.71% to 10.28% after 60 min of injection, although the marginal gain in sealing efficiency progressively diminishes. Owing to slower viscosity growth and longer workability, the 100:6:1 grout mixture achieves higher sealing ratios compared with the faster-setting 100:7:1.5 mixture. The present study could shed light on the physics-based optimization of grouting design as well as the visualization-supported assessment of sealing efficacy in complex geological settings.