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<p>Under deep coal mining conditions, complex geological environments exert a significant influence on the long-term mechanical behavior of roadway surrounding rock and induce damage evolution of the rock mass at multiple scales. As time progresses, damage continuously accumulates, leading to the evolution of the internal rock structure and ultimately threatening the long-term stability of roadways. Therefore, a systematic investigation of the long-term mechanical behavior of multiscale damaged sandstone under deep mining conditions is of great engineering significance and theoretical value. Based on this, a generalized conformable operator with a modification parameter is adopted to enhance its ability to characterize the time evolution of the internal fractal structure of rock. By coupling this operator with damage mechanics theory and incorporating the classical Nishihara model, a generalized conformable damage creep model is established. The proposed model parameters are determined by fitting the creep test data of damaged sandstone using the least-squares method. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can accurately capture the entire creep evolution process of sandstone. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of the key model parameters is conducted to systematically reveal their influences on creep deformation behavior, thereby further verifying the rationality and reliability of the model. The research findings provide an important theoretical basis for the long-term stability analysis and support design of roadway surrounding rock under deep mining conditions.</p>

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Creep analysis of sandstone with multiscale damage based on the generalized conformable operator

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月13日

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  • Shuai Yang,
  • Wentao Zhou,
  • Senlin Xie,
  • Hongwei Zhou,
  • Weiguang Ren,
  • Hongchen Song

摘要

Under deep coal mining conditions, complex geological environments exert a significant influence on the long-term mechanical behavior of roadway surrounding rock and induce damage evolution of the rock mass at multiple scales. As time progresses, damage continuously accumulates, leading to the evolution of the internal rock structure and ultimately threatening the long-term stability of roadways. Therefore, a systematic investigation of the long-term mechanical behavior of multiscale damaged sandstone under deep mining conditions is of great engineering significance and theoretical value. Based on this, a generalized conformable operator with a modification parameter is adopted to enhance its ability to characterize the time evolution of the internal fractal structure of rock. By coupling this operator with damage mechanics theory and incorporating the classical Nishihara model, a generalized conformable damage creep model is established. The proposed model parameters are determined by fitting the creep test data of damaged sandstone using the least-squares method. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can accurately capture the entire creep evolution process of sandstone. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of the key model parameters is conducted to systematically reveal their influences on creep deformation behavior, thereby further verifying the rationality and reliability of the model. The research findings provide an important theoretical basis for the long-term stability analysis and support design of roadway surrounding rock under deep mining conditions.