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<p>Enhancing the melting rate of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) is critical for improving the efficiency of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems. Although optimized fin geometries have been widely studied, the combined role of nanoparticle-enhanced molten-salt PCMs with fins has received limited attention. A numerical investigation is conducted on the melting behavior of molten salt PCMs incorporated with Cu and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles in a cylindrical TES unit featuring three fin geometries: longitudinal, Y-shaped, and tuning fork-shaped. Simulations are performed using ANSYS Fluent software and validated against published experimental data. The primary performance indicators, including the temperature distribution, velocity fields and liquid fraction, are analyzed. At a comparable melt fraction (∼97%), the addition of nanoparticles significantly reduced the melting time across all fin configurations, from 345&#xa0;s to 192&#xa0;s for longitudinal fins, from 244&#xa0;s to 137&#xa0;s for Y-shaped fins and from 202&#xa0;s to 114&#xa0;s for fork-shaped fins. These results demonstrate that nanoparticle integration accelerates the melting process by approximately 44-50%, with performance strongly dependent on the fin design. These findings indicate the synergistic benefits of fin geometry and nanoparticle additives, which provide practical guidelines for the design of high-efficiency TES devices.</p>

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Synergistic effects of fin geometry and nanoparticle integration on melting enhancement in phase change material–based thermal energy storage

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Hassan Waqas,
  • Md. Jahid Hasan,
  • Saima Zainab,
  • Taseer Muhammad

摘要

Enhancing the melting rate of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) is critical for improving the efficiency of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems. Although optimized fin geometries have been widely studied, the combined role of nanoparticle-enhanced molten-salt PCMs with fins has received limited attention. A numerical investigation is conducted on the melting behavior of molten salt PCMs incorporated with Cu and TiO2 nanoparticles in a cylindrical TES unit featuring three fin geometries: longitudinal, Y-shaped, and tuning fork-shaped. Simulations are performed using ANSYS Fluent software and validated against published experimental data. The primary performance indicators, including the temperature distribution, velocity fields and liquid fraction, are analyzed. At a comparable melt fraction (∼97%), the addition of nanoparticles significantly reduced the melting time across all fin configurations, from 345 s to 192 s for longitudinal fins, from 244 s to 137 s for Y-shaped fins and from 202 s to 114 s for fork-shaped fins. These results demonstrate that nanoparticle integration accelerates the melting process by approximately 44-50%, with performance strongly dependent on the fin design. These findings indicate the synergistic benefits of fin geometry and nanoparticle additives, which provide practical guidelines for the design of high-efficiency TES devices.