<p>Polyamide (PA) is a widely used semi-crystalline polymer that exhibits complex viscoelastic-viscoplastic behavior including the double-yielding (DY) phenomenon. Uniaxial tensile tests at different strain rates were performed using PA11 specimens obtained at different annealing temperatures to evaluate the effect of the strain rate on the DY phenomenon. The slope of the stress-strain curve after the first yield and the distance between the first and second yields increased with decreasing strain rate. In contrast, the maximum stress observed during the DY phenomenon was independent of the strain rate, and uniform deformation continued for a longer strain range at lower strain rates. The first yield stress was strain-rate dependent, whereas the second yielding stress was governed by the annealing temperature. These findings indicate that the first and second yielding events were characterized by the amorphous and crystalline phases, respectively. The viscoelastic-viscoplastic transient network model was generalized to reproduce the experimentally observed time-dependent DY phenomenon of PA11. Subsequently, a two-dimensional plane stress finite element model was established using the proposed method, and computational simulations of the uniaxial tensile tests were performed and compared with the experimental results. The simulation results reproduced the time-dependent characteristics of PA11, including changes in the first yielding stress, different degrees of hardening and softening during deformation between the first and second yields, and shifts in the strain at which the second yield occurred as a function of strain rate.</p>

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Evaluation and modeling of the time-dependent double yielding process of polyamide

  • Makoto Uchida,
  • Mei Toji,
  • Keito Oya,
  • Yoshihisa Kaneko,
  • Mokarram Hossain

摘要

Polyamide (PA) is a widely used semi-crystalline polymer that exhibits complex viscoelastic-viscoplastic behavior including the double-yielding (DY) phenomenon. Uniaxial tensile tests at different strain rates were performed using PA11 specimens obtained at different annealing temperatures to evaluate the effect of the strain rate on the DY phenomenon. The slope of the stress-strain curve after the first yield and the distance between the first and second yields increased with decreasing strain rate. In contrast, the maximum stress observed during the DY phenomenon was independent of the strain rate, and uniform deformation continued for a longer strain range at lower strain rates. The first yield stress was strain-rate dependent, whereas the second yielding stress was governed by the annealing temperature. These findings indicate that the first and second yielding events were characterized by the amorphous and crystalline phases, respectively. The viscoelastic-viscoplastic transient network model was generalized to reproduce the experimentally observed time-dependent DY phenomenon of PA11. Subsequently, a two-dimensional plane stress finite element model was established using the proposed method, and computational simulations of the uniaxial tensile tests were performed and compared with the experimental results. The simulation results reproduced the time-dependent characteristics of PA11, including changes in the first yielding stress, different degrees of hardening and softening during deformation between the first and second yields, and shifts in the strain at which the second yield occurred as a function of strain rate.