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<p>This paper presents a lightweight grayscale image encryption algorithm based on the two-dimensional SF-SIMM hyperchaotic map. The SF-SIMM system exhibits rich nonlinear dynamics and strong key sensitivity, generating highly unpredictable sequences that govern both pixel permutation and diffusion. Unlike conventional chaos-based cryptosystems, the proposed method integrates a novel feedback-driven diffusion mechanism with the intrinsic hyperchaotic behavior of the SF-SIMM map, resulting in an expanded key space, enhanced randomness, and improved resistance to attacks, while maintaining low computational cost. Experimental evaluations on standard test images (Cameraman, Lena, and a medical X-ray) demonstrate uniform histograms, ideal entropy values, and excellent NPCR and UACI metrics. The encrypted images successfully pass all NIST SP800-22 statistical tests and exhibit a near-ideal avalanche effect, confirming robustness against differential and chosen-plaintext attacks. Comparative analysis with recent chaotic encryption schemes shows that the proposed method achieves superior security and key sensitivity while retaining the speed of lightweight systems, effectively balancing efficiency and robustness. Given its simplicity and performance, the SF-SIMM-based scheme provides a scalable and secure framework for real-time image transmission and storage in medical IoT, smart surveillance, and other multimedia applications.</p>

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Enhancing image encryption security with a 2D SF-SIMM hyperchaotic map

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Mohammad Al-Jamal,
  • Mohammad Al-Talib,
  • Ahmad Baniabedalruhman

摘要

This paper presents a lightweight grayscale image encryption algorithm based on the two-dimensional SF-SIMM hyperchaotic map. The SF-SIMM system exhibits rich nonlinear dynamics and strong key sensitivity, generating highly unpredictable sequences that govern both pixel permutation and diffusion. Unlike conventional chaos-based cryptosystems, the proposed method integrates a novel feedback-driven diffusion mechanism with the intrinsic hyperchaotic behavior of the SF-SIMM map, resulting in an expanded key space, enhanced randomness, and improved resistance to attacks, while maintaining low computational cost. Experimental evaluations on standard test images (Cameraman, Lena, and a medical X-ray) demonstrate uniform histograms, ideal entropy values, and excellent NPCR and UACI metrics. The encrypted images successfully pass all NIST SP800-22 statistical tests and exhibit a near-ideal avalanche effect, confirming robustness against differential and chosen-plaintext attacks. Comparative analysis with recent chaotic encryption schemes shows that the proposed method achieves superior security and key sensitivity while retaining the speed of lightweight systems, effectively balancing efficiency and robustness. Given its simplicity and performance, the SF-SIMM-based scheme provides a scalable and secure framework for real-time image transmission and storage in medical IoT, smart surveillance, and other multimedia applications.