Scholarlink

<p>To enhance image encryption schemes, a careful balance must be struck between factors such as embedding capacity, sensitivity, security, and robustness. This scheme uses rook polynomial and Josephus problem to embed hidden bits in the image. Integer wavelet transform (<i>IWT</i>) is used to accurately extract these hidden bits, and the <i>LL</i> subband is used for rook polynomial and Josephus problem calculations. In addition, the <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(HH, HL, and\ LH\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> subbands are used to embed hidden bits. With the help of Josephus problem, the exact embedding and extraction locations can be determined without key exchange between the sender and receiver. Notably, this scheme only changes a few pixels in the cover image after embedding hidden bits, thereby improving image quality. The average <i>PSNR</i> (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) of the proposed scheme reaches 54.01 dB, and the embedding capacity for a <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(512 \times 512\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> gray image is up to 941,&#xa0;931 bits. The method achieves a high <i>SSIM</i> (Structural Similarity Index) of 0.9982 and information entropy of 7.897.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

An image steganography method based on integer wavelet transform and rook polynomial

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月1日

查看全文
  • Zahra Saeidi,
  • Samaneh Mashhadi

摘要

To enhance image encryption schemes, a careful balance must be struck between factors such as embedding capacity, sensitivity, security, and robustness. This scheme uses rook polynomial and Josephus problem to embed hidden bits in the image. Integer wavelet transform (IWT) is used to accurately extract these hidden bits, and the LL subband is used for rook polynomial and Josephus problem calculations. In addition, the \(HH, HL, and\ LH\) subbands are used to embed hidden bits. With the help of Josephus problem, the exact embedding and extraction locations can be determined without key exchange between the sender and receiver. Notably, this scheme only changes a few pixels in the cover image after embedding hidden bits, thereby improving image quality. The average PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) of the proposed scheme reaches 54.01 dB, and the embedding capacity for a \(512 \times 512\) gray image is up to 941, 931 bits. The method achieves a high SSIM (Structural Similarity Index) of 0.9982 and information entropy of 7.897.