<p>Older people often have difficulty interacting with digital systems. Analyses of the scenario of chatbots and conversational systems have revealed challenges associated with limited accessibility, which may be caused by developers’ and designers’ lack of expertise or few studies on the way older users interact with those systems. The development of accessible technologies requires attention to the different stages and actors involved in the process, from the project to the user’s interaction with the product. Therefore, studies on accessibility that affect the target audience of a developed product and provide artifacts to help professionals with little or no experience in building accessible products must be conducted. This article proposes and evaluates specific guidelines that consider different aspects of the development of accessible chatbots for older people, taking into account conversational systems and our perceptions while conducting empirical studies with such a target audience. A user-centered design was adopted for the development of the guidelines and towards completing the cycle, empirical studies with experts and older adults and quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. The results highlighted specific requirements for the development of accessible chatbots for the older people, including i) the need for personification of the chatbot, ii) interaction with the use of voice, iii) short response messages during interaction, and iv) use of the chatbot as a virtual friend. Such requirements are part of the main contribution of this work, which revealed guidelines for chatbots focused on accessibility can be different when compared to directions and good practices for the construction of chatbots that do not have the same purpose. Furthermore, discussions among professionals of not only the HCI area necessary for disseminating knowledge about accessibility that goes beyond our guidelines.</p>

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A study to guide developers in building accessible conversational systems to the older people

  • Cynthya Letícia Teles de Oliveira,
  • Lucas Padilha Modesto de Araujo,
  • Kamila Rios da Hora Rodrigues,
  • Marcelo Garcia Manzato

摘要

Older people often have difficulty interacting with digital systems. Analyses of the scenario of chatbots and conversational systems have revealed challenges associated with limited accessibility, which may be caused by developers’ and designers’ lack of expertise or few studies on the way older users interact with those systems. The development of accessible technologies requires attention to the different stages and actors involved in the process, from the project to the user’s interaction with the product. Therefore, studies on accessibility that affect the target audience of a developed product and provide artifacts to help professionals with little or no experience in building accessible products must be conducted. This article proposes and evaluates specific guidelines that consider different aspects of the development of accessible chatbots for older people, taking into account conversational systems and our perceptions while conducting empirical studies with such a target audience. A user-centered design was adopted for the development of the guidelines and towards completing the cycle, empirical studies with experts and older adults and quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. The results highlighted specific requirements for the development of accessible chatbots for the older people, including i) the need for personification of the chatbot, ii) interaction with the use of voice, iii) short response messages during interaction, and iv) use of the chatbot as a virtual friend. Such requirements are part of the main contribution of this work, which revealed guidelines for chatbots focused on accessibility can be different when compared to directions and good practices for the construction of chatbots that do not have the same purpose. Furthermore, discussions among professionals of not only the HCI area necessary for disseminating knowledge about accessibility that goes beyond our guidelines.