PBNHWA: NIfTI image watermarking with aid of PSO and BO in wavelet domain with its authentication for telemedicine applications

Due to the vast development of medical image technologies the orientation, dimension, and format of the medical images are changing drastically. The volume of these data is also changing drastically in the current scenario due to the unwanted pandemic circumstances. The copyright protection and privacy of these data is also the need of the present era. Image watermarking is one of the best methods to provide copyright protection to the medical images. The proposed watermarking method provides copyright protection to NIfTI (Neuroimaging informatics technology initiative) images by using Redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT), Randomized singular value decomposition (RSVD), Hessenberg decomposition (HD) along with discrete cosine transform (DCT). Watermark image (Aadhar card) is splits into two parts, further two hybrid watermarks are generated from these parts to enhance copyright protection. To get the optimum scaling factor two different optimization techniques i.e., Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Bat optimization (BO) are used. Speeded up robust features (SURF) and Binary robust invariant scalable keypoints (BRISK) are used for critical region of interest (ROI) verification. Secured hash algorithm (SHA) is used to generate the hash values corresponding to the media access control (MAC) and patient number generated by hospital. The average percentage improvement in imperceptibility is 20.34% and in robustness is 11.54%.