A gamification-based system of driving training and its evaluation

Driving training is essential to ensure road safety. Gamification is effective in improving training outcomes. This study explored the system design and development of a gamification-based driving training system. In the system, feedback from the human–machine interaction was enhanced playfully, game elements and mechanics were incorporated, and a software and hardware gamification system architecture was built and connected; thus, the trainee, software, and environment were integrated into a virtual game. To evaluate the developed gamification-based training system, 24 participants without driving experience were enrolled a manual transmission vehicle driving training experiment. The results showed that both the training efficiency and overall satisfaction of the gamification group were significantly higher than those of the control group, with a significance of p < 0.05. The system outcome was effective, as confirmed by the gamification theory. These findings provide useful suggestions for gamification system development by applying training in various skills.