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<p>Scanning and transmission electron microscopies are used to study the microstructure of the surface layer of plates from steel 20Kh13 (X20Cr13) after a thermomechanical treatment by friction stir processing(FSP) using a carbide-tipped WC – Co tool. The variation of the microhardness over the thickness of the layer obtained is determined. It is shown that the tool material transfers into the strengthened surface layer upon heating to 1100°C and mixes with the substrate. This results in formation of bands alloyed with particles of tungsten carbide (W<sub>2</sub>C) 350 µm in size. Two distinct zones of alloying-induced hardening are identified in the surface layer, which is attributed to the changes in the effect of stirring with the spherical tool tip.</p>

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Regularities of Surface Hardening of Steel 20Kh13 (X20Cr13) by Alloying with the Material of WC – Co Tool During Friction Stir Processing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • V. P. Kuznetsov,
  • I. A. Vorontsov,
  • M. S. Karabanalov,
  • M. S. Khadyev,
  • V. V. Voropaev,
  • I. S. Kamantsev,
  • V. P. Shveykin

摘要

Scanning and transmission electron microscopies are used to study the microstructure of the surface layer of plates from steel 20Kh13 (X20Cr13) after a thermomechanical treatment by friction stir processing(FSP) using a carbide-tipped WC – Co tool. The variation of the microhardness over the thickness of the layer obtained is determined. It is shown that the tool material transfers into the strengthened surface layer upon heating to 1100°C and mixes with the substrate. This results in formation of bands alloyed with particles of tungsten carbide (W2C) 350 µm in size. Two distinct zones of alloying-induced hardening are identified in the surface layer, which is attributed to the changes in the effect of stirring with the spherical tool tip.