Scholarlink

<p>Model systems are inevitable for biomedical research, and advanced prostate three dimensional (3D) models help bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo systems. Prostate diseases are biologically complex and regulated by hormone signaling, stromal–epithelial interactions, immunological infiltration, and glandular microenvironmental factors. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques and prostatic cell lines exhibit limitations for translational research, as they reflect varied phenotypic and genotypic characteristics compared to native prostate tissue. Recent advancements in prostatic 3D models, including spheroids, organoids, assembloids, 3D scaffold models, and bioengineered organotypic prostate models, have emerged as potent tools that maintain cellular heterogeneity, extracellular matrix (ECM) complexity, metastasis, and therapeutic responses. Recent engineering approaches have enabled the development of dynamic culture systems with real-time monitoring capabilities. These include perfusion bioreactors, organ-on-chip platforms, and bioprinting technologies that better mimic prostatic disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Recent developments in the ex vivo prostate platform with long-term viability provide a distinctive framework for organ-level investigations, drug screening, and biomarker validation. This review summarizes current progress in prostate 3D and ex vivo culture systems while addressing their biological and engineering limitations. Collectively, these technologies position 3D and ex vivo model as transformative platforms for translational research, drug screening, and precision medicine. Studies on prostate-like glandular spheroids, organoids, and ex vivo systems derived from regenerative invertebrates such as <i>Eudrilus eugeniae</i> may provide insights for the development of improved mammalian prostate organoid and ex vivo culture systems.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Advances in 3D culture systems for maintaining prostate tissue architecture and functional ex vivo prostate organ culture for biomedical applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

查看全文
  • Nandha kumar Suresh,
  • Jackson Durairaj Selvan Christyraj,
  • Taruna Rajagopal,
  • Hema Malini Baskar

摘要

Model systems are inevitable for biomedical research, and advanced prostate three dimensional (3D) models help bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo systems. Prostate diseases are biologically complex and regulated by hormone signaling, stromal–epithelial interactions, immunological infiltration, and glandular microenvironmental factors. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques and prostatic cell lines exhibit limitations for translational research, as they reflect varied phenotypic and genotypic characteristics compared to native prostate tissue. Recent advancements in prostatic 3D models, including spheroids, organoids, assembloids, 3D scaffold models, and bioengineered organotypic prostate models, have emerged as potent tools that maintain cellular heterogeneity, extracellular matrix (ECM) complexity, metastasis, and therapeutic responses. Recent engineering approaches have enabled the development of dynamic culture systems with real-time monitoring capabilities. These include perfusion bioreactors, organ-on-chip platforms, and bioprinting technologies that better mimic prostatic disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Recent developments in the ex vivo prostate platform with long-term viability provide a distinctive framework for organ-level investigations, drug screening, and biomarker validation. This review summarizes current progress in prostate 3D and ex vivo culture systems while addressing their biological and engineering limitations. Collectively, these technologies position 3D and ex vivo model as transformative platforms for translational research, drug screening, and precision medicine. Studies on prostate-like glandular spheroids, organoids, and ex vivo systems derived from regenerative invertebrates such as Eudrilus eugeniae may provide insights for the development of improved mammalian prostate organoid and ex vivo culture systems.