Scholarlink

Background <p><i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and its increasing resistance to antibiotics highlights the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies.</p> Methods <p>This study investigates the antibacterial, antibiofilm, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing effects of bee venom-derived exosomes (BVE), alone and in combination with metronidazole, against <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>. Exosomes were isolated from bee venom. Their morphology was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and fractional inhibitory concentration methods. A fibroblast wound infection model was developed to evaluate the effect on cell viability (MTT assay), oxidative stress (TOS/TAC), cytokine release (IL-1β, IL-10), and apoptosis-related gene expression (BAX, BCL-2).</p> Results <p>The results demonstrated that both BVE and metronidazole possess antibacterial and antibiofilm activity, with the combination treatment showing additive effect (inhibition zone: 20&#xa0;mm, biofilm inhibition: 82.6%). The combined treatment significantly decreased oxidative stress markers and IL-1β levels, while increasing IL-10 and total antioxidant capacity. Gene expression analysis showed that the treatment reduced pro-apoptotic BAX levels and upregulated anti-apoptotic BCL-2 expression, contributing to improved cell survival and wound regeneration.</p> Conclusion <p>Bee venom-derived exosomes, especially when combined with metronidazole, exhibit strong potential as an alternative or adjunct therapeutic approach against <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> infection. These findings suggest that BVE may offer a novel strategy to combat antibiotic resistance and promote tissue repair in bacterial gastroenteritis.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Bee venom–derived exosomes combined with metronidazole: antimicrobial effect on Campylobacter jejuni and fibroblast wound healing model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

查看全文
  • Ozgur Celebi,
  • Demet Celebi,
  • Sumeyye Baser,
  • Sidika Genc,
  • Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi

摘要

Background

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and its increasing resistance to antibiotics highlights the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies.

Methods

This study investigates the antibacterial, antibiofilm, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing effects of bee venom-derived exosomes (BVE), alone and in combination with metronidazole, against Campylobacter jejuni. Exosomes were isolated from bee venom. Their morphology was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and fractional inhibitory concentration methods. A fibroblast wound infection model was developed to evaluate the effect on cell viability (MTT assay), oxidative stress (TOS/TAC), cytokine release (IL-1β, IL-10), and apoptosis-related gene expression (BAX, BCL-2).

Results

The results demonstrated that both BVE and metronidazole possess antibacterial and antibiofilm activity, with the combination treatment showing additive effect (inhibition zone: 20 mm, biofilm inhibition: 82.6%). The combined treatment significantly decreased oxidative stress markers and IL-1β levels, while increasing IL-10 and total antioxidant capacity. Gene expression analysis showed that the treatment reduced pro-apoptotic BAX levels and upregulated anti-apoptotic BCL-2 expression, contributing to improved cell survival and wound regeneration.

Conclusion

Bee venom-derived exosomes, especially when combined with metronidazole, exhibit strong potential as an alternative or adjunct therapeutic approach against Campylobacter jejuni infection. These findings suggest that BVE may offer a novel strategy to combat antibiotic resistance and promote tissue repair in bacterial gastroenteritis.