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Background <p>Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a significant pathogen with strong biofilm-forming ability, contributing to persistent infections and antibiotic resistance. This study evaluated the antibiofilm activity of Jelleine-I against MRSA and its effects on the expression of biofilm-associated genes.</p> Methods <p>Antibacterial activity was assessed by the broth microdilution method and time–kill assays, while biofilm inhibition and disruption were evaluated using the microplate assay and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Resistance development was monitored over 28 days, with vancomycin as a control, and hemolytic activity was tested on human red blood cells (RBCs).</p> Results <p>Jelleine-I showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 128 µM, eliminating MRSA within four hours at MIC. It inhibited biofilm formation by over 77%, disrupted mature biofilms by more than 40%, and reduced metabolic activity by over 80%. The MIC remained unchanged after 28 days, whereas vancomycin MIC increased fourfold. Jelleine-I exhibited low hemolytic activity and significantly downregulated <i>fib</i> (2.47-fold), <i>icaA</i> (2.22-fold), and <i>icaD</i> (1.25-fold) expression after 12&#xa0;h.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings demonstrate that Jelleine-I effectively targets MRSA biofilms at both phenotypic and genetic levels, supporting its potential as a candidate for further cytotoxicity and in vivo studies.</p>

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Potential of Jelleine-I peptide on down-regulation of biofilm-associated genes and the biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • Shaghayegh Zafar,
  • Azin Sattari-Maraji,
  • Solmaz Ohadian Moghadam,
  • Ahmad Nejati,
  • Sharmin Kharrazi,
  • Elmira Meghrazi Ahadi,
  • Loghman Firoozpour,
  • Mohammad Rahbar,
  • Mohammad Reza Pourmand

摘要

Background

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant pathogen with strong biofilm-forming ability, contributing to persistent infections and antibiotic resistance. This study evaluated the antibiofilm activity of Jelleine-I against MRSA and its effects on the expression of biofilm-associated genes.

Methods

Antibacterial activity was assessed by the broth microdilution method and time–kill assays, while biofilm inhibition and disruption were evaluated using the microplate assay and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Resistance development was monitored over 28 days, with vancomycin as a control, and hemolytic activity was tested on human red blood cells (RBCs).

Results

Jelleine-I showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 128 µM, eliminating MRSA within four hours at MIC. It inhibited biofilm formation by over 77%, disrupted mature biofilms by more than 40%, and reduced metabolic activity by over 80%. The MIC remained unchanged after 28 days, whereas vancomycin MIC increased fourfold. Jelleine-I exhibited low hemolytic activity and significantly downregulated fib (2.47-fold), icaA (2.22-fold), and icaD (1.25-fold) expression after 12 h.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate that Jelleine-I effectively targets MRSA biofilms at both phenotypic and genetic levels, supporting its potential as a candidate for further cytotoxicity and in vivo studies.