Decoding the modulatory role of long non-coding RNAs in embryogenesis: a comprehensive review
摘要
Embryogenesis is the highly coordinated process by which a single-celled zygote develops into a complex multicellular organism. It involves tightly regulated events such as cell division, differentiation, migration, and the establishment of body axes and organ systems. Precise control of gene expression is crucial during these stages to ensure proper lineage specification and tissue development. Disruption of these regulatory networks can lead to developmental abnormalities or disease, making embryogenesis a central focus in developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained recognition as pivotal regulators of gene expression. Many lncRNAs exhibit cell and stage-specific expressions, underscoring their importance in development, differentiation, and disease. Their functional diversity highlights lncRNAs as crucial regulators of genome activity and potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In embryogenesis, where precise spatiotemporal control of lineage commitment is crucial, lncRNAs act as dynamic modulators of pluripotency, germ layer specification, and tissue differentiation. They influence cellular processes via diverse mechanisms, encompassing cis/trans regulation, epigenetic remodeling of chromatin, transcriptional and post-transcriptional modulation, and the control of signaling cascades. Therefore, this review discusses the latest updates on embryogenesis, with a particular focus on the emerging role of lncRNAs in embryogenesis, lineage differentiation, and developmental gene regulation.