<p>Eating disorders (EDs) have a serious public health concern, especially anorexia nervosa (AN), which includes a variety of mental disorders that are frequently defined by appetite dysregulation. The purpose of this review was to clarify the role of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and hormones secreted from EECs in the fundamental processes of AN, as well as the participation of intestinal microbiota in creating satiety sensations in the brain through the microbiome-gut-brain axis. In the advancement mechanism of AN, the endocrine system has a critical function, especially in relation to EECs and their secreted hormones. Among the EEC hormones, Ghrelin (from P/D1 cells in humans) has the most characterized effects on feeding behaviors and other biological processes in AN. Moreover, ghrelin has evolved into the most significant modulator of dopaminergic reward pathway. The dopaminergic pathway (VTA-Acc) is a complex network that is crucial in accepting rewards like food. Moreover, gut microbes have been denoted as "<i>neglected endocrine organs</i>" but these microbiomes produce numerous metabolites that regulate EEC pathways, particularly the host EEC population around it, hormone biosynthesis and ultimately have influence on eating behavior. However, gut microflora has a substantial responsibility in the progress of AN due to nutritional modification associated with psychopathology through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. During nutritional restriction, environment-driven-epigenetic (DNA-methylation, histone modifications) may aggravate the condition. In brief, the altered EECs population, their secreted hormones, and the gut microbiota play vital role in abnormal eating behavior through the connection and sensing chemicals in gut and feedback to the brain.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>