<p><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> poses a significant health threat due to their pathogenicity and high propensity to acquire resistance to wide range of antimicrobial agents. Colistin, a non-ribosomal secondary cationic amphipathic peptide, exhibits bactericidal activity. Despite its known nephrotoxic and neurotoxic effects, colistin remains in use for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. However, the widespread use of colistin has led to the global emergence of colistin-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strains. This review investigates the global epidemiology of various clonal lineages of colistin-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. A comprehensive search was conducted across various databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. A total of 81 distinct colistin-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i> sequence types were identified worldwide, with the highest clonal diversity observed in India and China (<i>n</i> = 16), followed by South Korea (<i>n</i> = 15), Brazil (<i>n</i> = 14), France and Saudi Arabia (<i>n</i> = 12), Nigeria (<i>n</i> = 11), Colombia (<i>n</i> = 9), and Italy and Taiwan (<i>n</i> = 8). eBURST analysis grouped 87 colistin-resistant sequence types into 51 singletons and 9 clonal complexes, forming 5 distinct clonal groups. The findings indicate a broad global distribution of colistin-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i> clones, marked by diverse <i>mgr</i>B mutations. This underscores the urgent need for robust monitoring and surveillance to curb the development and dissemination of colistin-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and to ensure effective infection control measures.</p>