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<p>Immune checkpoints (ICs) maintain immune homeostasis by suppressing excessive T-cell activation. Their dysregulated expression or signaling facilitates tumor immune evasion, thereby undermining the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies. Palmitoylation, a reversible post-translational modification, covalently attaches palmitate to cysteine residues, altering protein localization, stability, and function. Recent studies have indicated that palmitoylation of the IC-related signaling pathway governs their membrane trafficking, signaling activity, and interactions with effector molecules, ultimately shaping anti-tumor immune responses. This review integrates the current understanding of palmitoylation mechanisms, examines their role in IC regulation, explores potential immunotherapeutic applications, and highlights future research directions.</p>

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Palmitoylation modulates antitumor immunity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月9日

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  • Feng Tang,
  • Jia-Long Xu,
  • Qing Zhang,
  • Xi Chen,
  • Ze-Fen Wang,
  • Ya-Di Xu,
  • Zhi-Qiang Li

摘要

Immune checkpoints (ICs) maintain immune homeostasis by suppressing excessive T-cell activation. Their dysregulated expression or signaling facilitates tumor immune evasion, thereby undermining the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies. Palmitoylation, a reversible post-translational modification, covalently attaches palmitate to cysteine residues, altering protein localization, stability, and function. Recent studies have indicated that palmitoylation of the IC-related signaling pathway governs their membrane trafficking, signaling activity, and interactions with effector molecules, ultimately shaping anti-tumor immune responses. This review integrates the current understanding of palmitoylation mechanisms, examines their role in IC regulation, explores potential immunotherapeutic applications, and highlights future research directions.