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Background <p>Stem cells derived from the apical papilla of teeth (SCAPs) have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into osteogenic and odontoblastic lineages. However, limited information is available on the effect of osteogenic environments containing dopamine on these cells.</p> Methods and results <p>This experimental laboratory study used SCAPs extracted from the pulp of third molar teeth of individuals aged 18&#xa0;years. SCAPs were treated with dopamine at doses of 1, 10, 100, 1000, and 2000&#xa0;μM for different treatment periods (24, 48, and 72&#xa0;h). No treatment was performed for the control group. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using the MTT (Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium) assay, osteogenic differentiation was evaluated using Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining, and gene expression of bone-related markers was analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 18), and comparisons between groups were made using t-tests and ANOVA. After 24, 48, and 72&#xa0;h, no significant difference was observed between the dopamine-treated and control groups in terms of SCAP viability/proliferation at low concentrations. However, a significant reduction in cell viability was observed at high dopamine concentrations (2000&#xa0;μM). ARS staining indicated that dopamine treatment enhanced osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs. Gene expression analysis following dopamine treatment showed an increase in osteogenic/odontogenic markers in SCAPs, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Conclusion <p>Dopamine influenced SCAP viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, leading to osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation and increased expression of differentiation-related genes. These findings suggest that dopamine can act as a potential bioactive molecule in regenerative endodontic therapies.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Effects of dopamine on the proliferation and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of stem cells of the apical papilla

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Hamed Karkehabadi,
  • Elham Khoshbin,
  • Rezvan Najafi,
  • Parvaneh Moosavi

摘要

Background

Stem cells derived from the apical papilla of teeth (SCAPs) have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into osteogenic and odontoblastic lineages. However, limited information is available on the effect of osteogenic environments containing dopamine on these cells.

Methods and results

This experimental laboratory study used SCAPs extracted from the pulp of third molar teeth of individuals aged 18 years. SCAPs were treated with dopamine at doses of 1, 10, 100, 1000, and 2000 μM for different treatment periods (24, 48, and 72 h). No treatment was performed for the control group. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using the MTT (Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium) assay, osteogenic differentiation was evaluated using Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining, and gene expression of bone-related markers was analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 18), and comparisons between groups were made using t-tests and ANOVA. After 24, 48, and 72 h, no significant difference was observed between the dopamine-treated and control groups in terms of SCAP viability/proliferation at low concentrations. However, a significant reduction in cell viability was observed at high dopamine concentrations (2000 μM). ARS staining indicated that dopamine treatment enhanced osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs. Gene expression analysis following dopamine treatment showed an increase in osteogenic/odontogenic markers in SCAPs, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Dopamine influenced SCAP viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, leading to osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation and increased expression of differentiation-related genes. These findings suggest that dopamine can act as a potential bioactive molecule in regenerative endodontic therapies.

Graphical abstract