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<p>Early maturity is critical for Upland cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) in short-season, mechanized regions like Xinjiang in China, yet often compromises lint percentage and fiber quality due to persistent genetic trade-offs. Consequently, cultivars combining early maturity with high yield and fiber quality remain rare. Addressing this, we developed the ZM113 series, comprising six elite cultivars centered on the backbone parent Zhongmian 113. These varieties exhibit coordinated performance across maturity, lint percentage, and fiber quality, offering practical multi-trait combinations for early-maturing environments. Using resequencing data from 3,765 accessions, we performed GWAS for maturity, yield, and fiber quality traits, integrating LD block consolidation and haplotype evaluation to define elite QTL sets. At the population level, the accumulation of early-maturity favorable loci was generally accompanied by reduced favorable alleles for yield and quality, indicating a prevalent antagonistic genetic structure. In contrast, the ZM113 series deviated from this pattern, enriching early-maturity haplotypes while retaining high levels of favorable alleles for lint percentage and fiber quality. Further analysis revealed heterogeneous co-improvement potential among trait modules: fiber length and strength loci showed strong positive co-localization; lint percentage and boll weight exhibited moderate positive co-aggregation; whereas early-maturity loci displayed broad antagonistic accumulation with yield and quality loci. These findings provide a genome-wide framework for multi-trait optimization in early-maturing cotton breeding.</p>

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Non-random accumulation of elite alleles reshapes the balance between maturity and yield-quality traits in upland cotton: a case study of ZM113 series varieties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Xuehong Song,
  • Shuai Dai,
  • Yulong Lv,
  • Tianwei Li,
  • Xiaoyu Pei,
  • Yuzhi Zhang,
  • Gongye Cheng,
  • Yu Gao,
  • Yu Liang,
  • Xingxing Wang,
  • Xiang Ren,
  • Meng Kang,
  • Songjuan Tan,
  • Zhenyu Wang,
  • Xiongfeng Ma

摘要

Early maturity is critical for Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in short-season, mechanized regions like Xinjiang in China, yet often compromises lint percentage and fiber quality due to persistent genetic trade-offs. Consequently, cultivars combining early maturity with high yield and fiber quality remain rare. Addressing this, we developed the ZM113 series, comprising six elite cultivars centered on the backbone parent Zhongmian 113. These varieties exhibit coordinated performance across maturity, lint percentage, and fiber quality, offering practical multi-trait combinations for early-maturing environments. Using resequencing data from 3,765 accessions, we performed GWAS for maturity, yield, and fiber quality traits, integrating LD block consolidation and haplotype evaluation to define elite QTL sets. At the population level, the accumulation of early-maturity favorable loci was generally accompanied by reduced favorable alleles for yield and quality, indicating a prevalent antagonistic genetic structure. In contrast, the ZM113 series deviated from this pattern, enriching early-maturity haplotypes while retaining high levels of favorable alleles for lint percentage and fiber quality. Further analysis revealed heterogeneous co-improvement potential among trait modules: fiber length and strength loci showed strong positive co-localization; lint percentage and boll weight exhibited moderate positive co-aggregation; whereas early-maturity loci displayed broad antagonistic accumulation with yield and quality loci. These findings provide a genome-wide framework for multi-trait optimization in early-maturing cotton breeding.