<p>Negative appearance-related self-conscious emotions are theoretically linked to poor cognitive and motor performance. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether a propensity for experiencing negative appearance self-conscious emotions (trait shame, guilt, envy, and embarrassment) influenced motor adaptation on a visuomotor rotation task when appearance monitoring was primed among young adults. Participants (<i>N</i> = 72; <i>M</i>_age = 22.47 ± 4.33 years; 69% women) completed trait appearance self-conscious emotion questionnaires, had appearance monitoring primed via body measurements and photographs, and then completed a visuomotor adaptation task. Linear mixed effects models and linear slopes analyses revealed that participants who reported higher scores on trait appearance embarrassment, guilt, and envy exhibited longer movement times and a slower rate of movement time reductions across adaptation trials. As well, higher trait guilt was associated with greater accuracy (less radial error and steeper slopes for radial error across trials), but none of the other appearance emotions were associated with changes in radial error. These findings suggest that when individuals prone to experiencing negative appearance emotions have appearance monitoring primed, their motor performance may be impaired in tasks requiring sensorimotor adaptation. Supporting body image through compassion-focused strategies may help reduce these performance detriments and promote more efficient motor learning and confidence in movement adaptation.</p>