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<p>People are motivated to down-regulate unpleasant emotions, with some strategies more effective than others. We compared two cognitive emotion regulation strategies—rumination and distraction—with the latter hypothesized to be better at reducing sadness and self-conscious emotion (SCE). Moreover, distraction was expected to reduce subsequent willingness to engage in a physical pain task, a proxy for emotion regulation via non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Following personalized emotion inductions, participants completed cognitive emotion regulation tasks (Rumination <i>n</i> = 84; Distraction <i>n</i> = 86) and then engaged in a physical pain task. Distraction generated greater reductions in sadness, though there was no between-group difference in SCE reductions following cognitive emotion regulation. Importantly, physical pain generated additional reductions in sadness, especially following distraction, and in SCE. However, pain duration was not associated with emotion reductions. Findings support the benefits of distraction, but also highlight how lingering risk for NSSI motivation remains even following distraction.</p>

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Effectiveness of cognitive emotion regulation for reducing state emotions and willingness to experience physical pain

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月3日

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  • Isabella J. Kneeland,
  • Aidan Collins,
  • Michelle Schoenleber

摘要

People are motivated to down-regulate unpleasant emotions, with some strategies more effective than others. We compared two cognitive emotion regulation strategies—rumination and distraction—with the latter hypothesized to be better at reducing sadness and self-conscious emotion (SCE). Moreover, distraction was expected to reduce subsequent willingness to engage in a physical pain task, a proxy for emotion regulation via non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Following personalized emotion inductions, participants completed cognitive emotion regulation tasks (Rumination n = 84; Distraction n = 86) and then engaged in a physical pain task. Distraction generated greater reductions in sadness, though there was no between-group difference in SCE reductions following cognitive emotion regulation. Importantly, physical pain generated additional reductions in sadness, especially following distraction, and in SCE. However, pain duration was not associated with emotion reductions. Findings support the benefits of distraction, but also highlight how lingering risk for NSSI motivation remains even following distraction.