Metal-free deformylation strategy enables sustainable Hantzsch-type pyridine synthesis in neat water
摘要
A deformylation-driven multicomponent reaction to access Hantzsch-type pyridine was first realized via a domino Michael/retro-Michael/Aldol/deformylation cascade. This operationally simple protocol fulfills green chemistry principles by employing readily available feedstocks in neat water under metal-free conditions. Mechanistic investigations establish deformylation of 3-formylchromones is the pivotal activation step, enabling the domino pathway toward pyridines while circumventing energy-intensive decarboxylation. Unprecedented in scope, the strategy accommodates diverse electrophiles and functionalized chromones, achieving 58–85% yields. This rationally designed deformylation cascade provides a sustainable blueprint for synthesizing medicinally important heterocycles without transition-metal contamination.