<p>Improving farmers’ climate resilience is a crucial approach to ensuring sustainable rural livelihoods and reducing poverty. With labor migration and the intensification of agricultural production, mechanization outsourcing services are playing an increasingly important role in modern agricultural development. However, few studies have focused on the impact of mechanization outsourcing services on farmers’ climate resilience. First, this paper develops a theoretical framework to analyze how mechanization outsourcing services influence farmers’ climate resilience. Next, climate resilience indices for farmers are assessed using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method, based on survey data from 1,392 rice farmers in the Jianghan Plain, China. Then, an instrumental variable approach is employed to examine the impact and mechanisms through which mechanization outsourcing services affect farmers’ climate resilience. The results show that: (1) Utilizing mechanization outsourcing services can significantly enhance farmers’ climate resilience and this conclusion remains robust after a series of tests. (2) The mechanism analyses indicate that mechanization outsourcing services enhance farmers’ climate resilience mainly by alleviating factor constraints, improving production efficiency and fostering technology adoption. (3) Heterogeneity analyses show that the positive effect is significant for male farmers and for those operating on a larger scale. Finally, the paper suggests improving farmers’ access to mechanization outsourcing services and strengthening their roles in addressing climate change, along with targeted policy recommendations.</p>