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<p>Renal cell carcinoma is the most common form of kidney cancer (more than 90% of all renal oncological pathologies). At an early stage of development, renal cell carcinoma can be asymptomatic, which significantly complicates diagnosis. Commonly used methods for diagnosing renal cell carcinoma do not allow for the timely detection of this disease at early stages. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective and non-invasive diagnostic methods based on biological macromolecules detectable in the blood—biomarkers of this type of cancer. Small nucleolar RNAs have been proposed for use as such biological macromolecules. In this study, a&#xa0;SiNW biosensor was designed and fabricated for the direct detection in blood of the small nucleolar RNA (SNORA77), which is associated with renal cell carcinoma. The key element of the developed SiNW biosensor is a&#xa0;nanowire chip based on “silicon-on-insulator” structures. The chip is manufactured using technology similar to Smart Cut and contains an array of silicon nanowires with <i>n</i>-type conductivity, on the surface of which oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) probes are covalently immobilized. To ensure the specificity of the analysis, the nucleotide sequence of the immobilized ODN probes is complementary to the target detectable sequence of the small nucleolar RNA SNORA77. Purified buffer solutions containing various concentrations of synthetic ODNs, the sequence of which is similar to the target detectable sequence of SNORA77, were analyzed. Using the developed SiNW biosensor, the detection limit of SNORA77 was determined to be about 10<sup>−17</sup> M. In a&#xa0;sample isolated from the blood plasma of a&#xa0;patient with a&#xa0;confirmed diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma, the SiNW biosensor allowed for the detection of an elevated level of SNORA77 compared to a&#xa0;control sample isolated from the blood plasma of a&#xa0;patient with a&#xa0;non-oncological disease. The results of the study will be useful for further development of early diagnostic systems for renal cell carcinoma.</p>

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Early diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma: use of a nanowire biosensor for the detection of small nucleolar ribonucleic acid SNORA77 in patient blood

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Yu. D. Ivanov,
  • K. V. Goldaeva,
  • E. D. Nevedrova,
  • A. V. Vinogradova,
  • A. N. Ableev,
  • I. D. Shumov,
  • A. F. Kozlov,
  • S. I. Kapustina,
  • O. N. Afonin,
  • V. P. Popov,
  • A. V. Glukhov,
  • N. E. Kushlinskii,
  • I. S. Stilidi,
  • V. B. Matveev,
  • D. V. Enikeev,
  • N. V. Burundaeva,
  • V. A. Konev,
  • O. B. Kovalev,
  • V. Yu. Tatur,
  • V. S. Ziborov,
  • L. I. Grishin,
  • A. Yu. Dolgoborodov,
  • O. F. Petrov,
  • S. V. Novikov,
  • E. S. Yushkov,
  • A. I. Archakov

摘要

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common form of kidney cancer (more than 90% of all renal oncological pathologies). At an early stage of development, renal cell carcinoma can be asymptomatic, which significantly complicates diagnosis. Commonly used methods for diagnosing renal cell carcinoma do not allow for the timely detection of this disease at early stages. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective and non-invasive diagnostic methods based on biological macromolecules detectable in the blood—biomarkers of this type of cancer. Small nucleolar RNAs have been proposed for use as such biological macromolecules. In this study, a SiNW biosensor was designed and fabricated for the direct detection in blood of the small nucleolar RNA (SNORA77), which is associated with renal cell carcinoma. The key element of the developed SiNW biosensor is a nanowire chip based on “silicon-on-insulator” structures. The chip is manufactured using technology similar to Smart Cut and contains an array of silicon nanowires with n-type conductivity, on the surface of which oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) probes are covalently immobilized. To ensure the specificity of the analysis, the nucleotide sequence of the immobilized ODN probes is complementary to the target detectable sequence of the small nucleolar RNA SNORA77. Purified buffer solutions containing various concentrations of synthetic ODNs, the sequence of which is similar to the target detectable sequence of SNORA77, were analyzed. Using the developed SiNW biosensor, the detection limit of SNORA77 was determined to be about 10−17 M. In a sample isolated from the blood plasma of a patient with a confirmed diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma, the SiNW biosensor allowed for the detection of an elevated level of SNORA77 compared to a control sample isolated from the blood plasma of a patient with a non-oncological disease. The results of the study will be useful for further development of early diagnostic systems for renal cell carcinoma.