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<p>The article analyzes the challenges of increasing the accuracy of measuring sound speed in water using both the reference-grade systems and portable stand-alone measuring devices. The methods for estimating the sonic interval transit time when measuring the speed of sound in aqueous media using the time-of-flight method with a&#xa0;variable base are discussed. The common disadvantages of these methods include the following: a&#xa0;small number of characteristic points of signals used to estimate time intervals, and the subjective nature of their selection. A&#xa0;variation of the phase-pulse method is proposed that allows obtaining an integral estimate of the sonic interval transit time. A&#xa0;theoretical justification for the applicability of the method for measuring the speed of sound in aqueous media is provided. The transit time is estimated based on the frequency dependence of the sonic wave phase incursion calculated as the difference in phase spectra (phase cross-spectrum) of the copies of broadband pulses staggered by the reception time. In the absence of sound dispersion, the phase cross-spectrum represents a&#xa0;frequency-proportional dependence of the sonic wave phase incursion. By approximating the phase cross-spectrum with a&#xa0;linear regression model, it becomes possible to transform the frequency dependence into a&#xa0;numerical parameter, which equals the sonic interval transit time with an accuracy of&#xa0;2π. Using the phase cross-spectrum makes it possible to eliminate the subjective factor when selecting characteristic points of the signal, as well as control the quality of the experiment, significantly increase the noise immunity of measurements, and improve the statistical characteristics of the resulting estimate. An experiment designed to test the proposed method is described. The obtained estimates of the speed of sound meet or exceed the accuracy provided by empirical formulas and standardized tabulated values. The obtained results will be useful in further research aimed at increasing the accuracy of measuring the speed of sound using the phase-pulse method to the level required for reference-grade systems.</p>

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Phase-pulse method for estimating the sonic interval transit time when measuring the speed of sound in aqueous media

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • A. E. Isaev

摘要

The article analyzes the challenges of increasing the accuracy of measuring sound speed in water using both the reference-grade systems and portable stand-alone measuring devices. The methods for estimating the sonic interval transit time when measuring the speed of sound in aqueous media using the time-of-flight method with a variable base are discussed. The common disadvantages of these methods include the following: a small number of characteristic points of signals used to estimate time intervals, and the subjective nature of their selection. A variation of the phase-pulse method is proposed that allows obtaining an integral estimate of the sonic interval transit time. A theoretical justification for the applicability of the method for measuring the speed of sound in aqueous media is provided. The transit time is estimated based on the frequency dependence of the sonic wave phase incursion calculated as the difference in phase spectra (phase cross-spectrum) of the copies of broadband pulses staggered by the reception time. In the absence of sound dispersion, the phase cross-spectrum represents a frequency-proportional dependence of the sonic wave phase incursion. By approximating the phase cross-spectrum with a linear regression model, it becomes possible to transform the frequency dependence into a numerical parameter, which equals the sonic interval transit time with an accuracy of 2π. Using the phase cross-spectrum makes it possible to eliminate the subjective factor when selecting characteristic points of the signal, as well as control the quality of the experiment, significantly increase the noise immunity of measurements, and improve the statistical characteristics of the resulting estimate. An experiment designed to test the proposed method is described. The obtained estimates of the speed of sound meet or exceed the accuracy provided by empirical formulas and standardized tabulated values. The obtained results will be useful in further research aimed at increasing the accuracy of measuring the speed of sound using the phase-pulse method to the level required for reference-grade systems.