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<p>The article provides a&#xa0;brief description of the main methods used to determine the fine-structure constant. The exact value of the fine-structure constant is shown to play a&#xa0;crucial role in the new International System of Units and fundamental metrology. Recent measurement results and theoretical calculations of the fine-structure constant, as well as its possible space-time variations, are presented. The results of laboratory experiments on the search for long-term variations in the fine-structure constant are provided. Data from astrophysical and cosmological observations on the possible variability of the fine-structure constant are presented. The authors note the possibility of somewhat smaller values of the fine-structure constant in the remote past, as compared to its present value, as well as the existence of unsolved problems related to possible space-time variations in the fine-structure constant and the spread of the results of its accurate laboratory measurements. Despite the absence of long-term variations in the fine-structure constant that are experimentally confirmed with a&#xa0;high level of accuracy, possible practical applications of the results are noted, specifically, the creation of optical frequency standard having a&#xa0;high stability and frequency reproduction accuracy on the basis of the ytterbium-171 ion and a&#xa0;laser frequency synthesizer, which may replace the cesium frequency standard.</p>

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The fine-structure constant: a review of measurement results and possible space-time variations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Kirill A. Bronnikov,
  • Vladimir D. Ivashchuk,
  • Viacheslav V. Khruschov

摘要

The article provides a brief description of the main methods used to determine the fine-structure constant. The exact value of the fine-structure constant is shown to play a crucial role in the new International System of Units and fundamental metrology. Recent measurement results and theoretical calculations of the fine-structure constant, as well as its possible space-time variations, are presented. The results of laboratory experiments on the search for long-term variations in the fine-structure constant are provided. Data from astrophysical and cosmological observations on the possible variability of the fine-structure constant are presented. The authors note the possibility of somewhat smaller values of the fine-structure constant in the remote past, as compared to its present value, as well as the existence of unsolved problems related to possible space-time variations in the fine-structure constant and the spread of the results of its accurate laboratory measurements. Despite the absence of long-term variations in the fine-structure constant that are experimentally confirmed with a high level of accuracy, possible practical applications of the results are noted, specifically, the creation of optical frequency standard having a high stability and frequency reproduction accuracy on the basis of the ytterbium-171 ion and a laser frequency synthesizer, which may replace the cesium frequency standard.