GET 38-2024 State primary standard for absorbed dose and absorbed dose rate of photon, electron, and proton radiation and in carbon ion beams and particle quantity, fluence, flux density, and energy in proton and heavy charged particle beams

The article considers the problem of ensuring the accuracy and traceability of absorbed dose measurements in carbon ion beams, as well as the results of measuring particle quantity, fluence, flux density, and energy in proton and heavy charged particle beams. Until now, these quantities have been measured in practice only through indirect methods. The lack of approved instruments for measuring the considered quantities, as well as their metrological traceability to measurement standards, hindered achieving consistency in measurement methods applied in practice and confirming the reliability of obtained results. In order to solve this problem, three measurement systems were developed and produced to be included in the composition of GET 38-2024 State primary standard for absorbed dose and absorbed dose rate of photon, electron, and proton radiation and in carbon ion beams and particle quantity, fluence, flux density, and energy in proton and heavy charged particle beams. The measurement system designed to reproduce the unit of absorbed dose in carbon ion beams comprises an adiabatic calorimeter, a temperature control system, a data acquisition and processing system, and a vacuum pumping system. In order to realize the energy unit of protons and heavy charged particles, a system was created that consists of a total absorption calorimeter, a data acquisition and processing system, a vacuum pumping system, and a system for determining particle quantity with the use of a Faraday cup. To reproduce the units of particle fluence and flux density in proton and heavy charged particle beams, a measurement system was created that comprises a Faraday cup, a set of collimators, and a small current meter. The designs and results of studying the metrological characteristics of the developed measurement systems are described. The results are relevant to the field of radiation therapy and radiation resistance testing of electronic components used in the space industry.