Cosmological distance scale. Part 18. Red-blue dipole and redshift anisotropy

The article examines the dipole anisotropies of redshift in the emission spectra of extragalactic sources and cosmic microwave background radiation in terms of their relationship with “supercluster–giant void” gravitational dipoles of large-scale inhomogeneity. In such pairs, objects are located on opposite sides of the celestial sphere, which leads to an imbalance of gravitational interaction. The association of five gravitational dipoles, i.e., the galactic polar giant dipole, is considered to be the cause of the dipole anisotropy of cosmic microwave background radiation, as well as of the asymmetry of galactic hemispheres with respect to the dipole anisotropy of redshift. The article presents the results of solving measurement problems related to the identification of a cosmological distance scale based on redshift in the emission spectra of extragalactic objects. With the specified results in mind, the author analyzes the anomalous blue shift of 37 galaxies in the Local Group, which together with 167 other redshifted galaxies form alternating concentric circular bands around the North Galactic Pole. A hypothesis is proposed that the anomalous blue shift may result from the action of the gravitational dipole along the axis of “Local void → Shapley Attractor + Shapley supercluster + Virgo supercluster” and the gravitational interaction between the most massive galaxies of the Local Group—the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies.