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<p>The challenge of achieving bi-stable structures with improved flexibility while simultaneously maintaining the desirable properties of metals and composites is of great importance among researchers today. Researchers have used unsymmetrical variable stiffness fiber metal laminated (VSFML) structures for this purpose. In this study, an&#xa0;analytical&#xa0;approach based on the Rayleigh–Ritz method is presented to predict the static and dynamic bi-stable behavior of square and rectangular VSFML plates. The effects of the number of plies, fiber orientation angles, and aspect ratio on the two stable states, and the dynamic snap-through response are investigated. Validation of the analytical results is performed using finite element analysis (FEA), revealing strong agreement and substantiating the model's accuracy. This study confirms that VSFMLs exhibit bi-stable behavior similar to fully composite laminates, with some differences observed due to the metallic face sheets. The results demonstrate the capability of the developed model to provide accurate mechanical behaviors of VSFMLs, thus providing a reliable tool for the preliminary design and optimization of bi-stable hybrid structures.</p>

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An analytical approach to predict static and dynamic bi-stable behavior of variable stiffness fiber metal laminated plates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Iman Keshtegar,
  • Hadi Ghashochi-Bargh

摘要

The challenge of achieving bi-stable structures with improved flexibility while simultaneously maintaining the desirable properties of metals and composites is of great importance among researchers today. Researchers have used unsymmetrical variable stiffness fiber metal laminated (VSFML) structures for this purpose. In this study, an analytical approach based on the Rayleigh–Ritz method is presented to predict the static and dynamic bi-stable behavior of square and rectangular VSFML plates. The effects of the number of plies, fiber orientation angles, and aspect ratio on the two stable states, and the dynamic snap-through response are investigated. Validation of the analytical results is performed using finite element analysis (FEA), revealing strong agreement and substantiating the model's accuracy. This study confirms that VSFMLs exhibit bi-stable behavior similar to fully composite laminates, with some differences observed due to the metallic face sheets. The results demonstrate the capability of the developed model to provide accurate mechanical behaviors of VSFMLs, thus providing a reliable tool for the preliminary design and optimization of bi-stable hybrid structures.