<p>We investigate the long-time asymptotics of the solution to the Cauchy problem for the nonlocal PT-symmetric derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation (nPT-DNLS) <Equation ID="Equ91"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \begin{aligned}&amp;q_t(x, t)=i q_{x x}(x, t)+i \sigma (q^2(x, t) \bar{q}(-x, t))_x , \ x\in (-\infty ,\infty ),\ t&gt;0,\\&amp;q(x,0)=q_{0}(x), \end{aligned} \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>i</mi> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">xx</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mi>σ</mi> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>q</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mrow> </mover> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>x</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(q_{0}(x)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> belongs to the Schwartz class <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {S}(R)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with the assumption <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Vert q_0(x)\Vert _{L^1(\mathbb {R})}&lt;0.817\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <msub> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>0.817</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.Beginning with the Lax pair, we define the corresponding Jost functions and scattering data, then formulate the Riemann–Hilbert problem related to the solution. Due to nonlocal effects, we introduce two distinct reflection coefficients <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r_1(\lambda )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r_2(\lambda )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to address the broken space-inversion symmetry. Then we adapt the Deift–Zhou nonlinear steepest-descent method to analyze the long-time asymptotics for the solution of the nPT-DNLS equation. Note that our main results are presented in two cases, corresponding to the distinct positions of the stationary phase points.In contrast with the local derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we have some different results on the decay rate of the leading asymptotic term for the nPT-DNLS equation.</p>

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Long-time asymptotics for the nonlocal PT-symmetric derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation

  • Fei Li,
  • Yuqin Yao,
  • Yehui Huang,
  • Mengli Tian,
  • Yue Li

摘要

We investigate the long-time asymptotics of the solution to the Cauchy problem for the nonlocal PT-symmetric derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation (nPT-DNLS) \(\begin{aligned} \begin{aligned}&q_t(x, t)=i q_{x x}(x, t)+i \sigma (q^2(x, t) \bar{q}(-x, t))_x , \ x\in (-\infty ,\infty ),\ t>0,\\&q(x,0)=q_{0}(x), \end{aligned} \end{aligned}\) q t ( x , t ) = i q xx ( x , t ) + i σ ( q 2 ( x , t ) q ¯ ( - x , t ) ) x , x ( - , ) , t > 0 , q ( x , 0 ) = q 0 ( x ) , where \(q_{0}(x)\) q 0 ( x ) belongs to the Schwartz class \(\mathcal {S}(R)\) S ( R ) with the assumption \(\Vert q_0(x)\Vert _{L^1(\mathbb {R})}<0.817\) q 0 ( x ) L 1 ( R ) < 0.817 .Beginning with the Lax pair, we define the corresponding Jost functions and scattering data, then formulate the Riemann–Hilbert problem related to the solution. Due to nonlocal effects, we introduce two distinct reflection coefficients \(r_1(\lambda )\) r 1 ( λ ) and \(r_2(\lambda )\) r 2 ( λ ) to address the broken space-inversion symmetry. Then we adapt the Deift–Zhou nonlinear steepest-descent method to analyze the long-time asymptotics for the solution of the nPT-DNLS equation. Note that our main results are presented in two cases, corresponding to the distinct positions of the stationary phase points.In contrast with the local derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we have some different results on the decay rate of the leading asymptotic term for the nPT-DNLS equation.