<p>Given a homomorphism <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1903_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="11" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>τ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> from a suitable finite group <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1903_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="10" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathsf {\Gamma }}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1903_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textsf{SU}(4)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">SU</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with image <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1903_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathsf {\Gamma }}^\tau \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> </mrow> <mi>τ</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we construct a cohomological gauge theory on a non-commutative resolution of the quotient singularity <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1903_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="45" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbbm {C}^4/{\mathsf {\Gamma }}^\tau \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> </mrow> <mi>τ</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> whose BRST fixed points are <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1903_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="10" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathsf {\Gamma }}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-invariant tetrahedron instantons on a generally non-effective orbifold. The partition function computes the expectation values of complex codimension one defect operators in rank <i>r</i> cohomological Donaldson–Thomas theory on a flat gerbe over the quotient stack <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1903_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="57" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\([\mathbbm {C}^4/\,{\mathsf {\Gamma }}^\tau ]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> </mrow> <mi>τ</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We describe the generalized ADHM parametrization of the tetrahedron instanton moduli space and evaluate the orbifold partition functions through virtual torus localization. If <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1903_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="10" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathsf {\Gamma }}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is an abelian group the partition function is expressed as a combinatorial series over arrays of <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1903_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="10" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathsf {\Gamma }}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-coloured plane partitions, while if <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1903_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="10" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathsf {\Gamma }}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is non-abelian the partition function localizes onto a sum over torus-invariant connected components of the moduli space labelled by lower-dimensional partitions. When <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1903_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="52" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathsf {\Gamma }}=\mathbbm {Z}_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a finite abelian subgroup of <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1903_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="60" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textsf{SL}(2,\mathbbm {C})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">SL</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we exhibit the reduction of Donaldson–Thomas theory on the toric Calabi–Yau four-orbifold <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1903_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="81" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbbm {C}^2/\,{\mathsf {\Gamma }}\times \mathbbm {C}^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to the cohomological field theory of tetrahedron instantons, from which we express the partition function as a closed infinite product formula. We also use the crepant resolution correspondence to derive a closed formula for the partition function on any polyhedral singularity.</p>

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Tetrahedron instantons on orbifolds

  • Richard J. Szabo,
  • Michelangelo Tirelli

摘要

Given a homomorphism \(\tau \) τ from a suitable finite group \({\mathsf {\Gamma }}\) Γ to \(\textsf{SU}(4)\) SU ( 4 ) with image \({\mathsf {\Gamma }}^\tau \) Γ τ , we construct a cohomological gauge theory on a non-commutative resolution of the quotient singularity \(\mathbbm {C}^4/{\mathsf {\Gamma }}^\tau \) C 4 / Γ τ whose BRST fixed points are \({\mathsf {\Gamma }}\) Γ -invariant tetrahedron instantons on a generally non-effective orbifold. The partition function computes the expectation values of complex codimension one defect operators in rank r cohomological Donaldson–Thomas theory on a flat gerbe over the quotient stack \([\mathbbm {C}^4/\,{\mathsf {\Gamma }}^\tau ]\) [ C 4 / Γ τ ] . We describe the generalized ADHM parametrization of the tetrahedron instanton moduli space and evaluate the orbifold partition functions through virtual torus localization. If \({\mathsf {\Gamma }}\) Γ is an abelian group the partition function is expressed as a combinatorial series over arrays of \({\mathsf {\Gamma }}\) Γ -coloured plane partitions, while if \({\mathsf {\Gamma }}\) Γ is non-abelian the partition function localizes onto a sum over torus-invariant connected components of the moduli space labelled by lower-dimensional partitions. When \({\mathsf {\Gamma }}=\mathbbm {Z}_n\) Γ = Z n is a finite abelian subgroup of \(\textsf{SL}(2,\mathbbm {C})\) SL ( 2 , C ) , we exhibit the reduction of Donaldson–Thomas theory on the toric Calabi–Yau four-orbifold \(\mathbbm {C}^2/\,{\mathsf {\Gamma }}\times \mathbbm {C}^2\) C 2 / Γ × C 2 to the cohomological field theory of tetrahedron instantons, from which we express the partition function as a closed infinite product formula. We also use the crepant resolution correspondence to derive a closed formula for the partition function on any polyhedral singularity.