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<p>Accurate seismic phase identification is critical for producing high-quality subsurface images in tomography. Each phase carries unique information about Earth’s structure, so improved understanding of wavefields and phase behavior can lead to better image resolution and reveal new structural features. Recent field studies highlight the complexity of wavefield propagation across submarine volcanoes, where strong lateral heterogeneity and sharp velocity contrasts generate a diverse set of poorly understood seismic phases. Here, we investigate seismic wave propagation through an idealized model of an intraplate volcano, representative velocity structure derived from a recent tomography study of Jimmu Guyot, part of the Hawaiian-Emperor Seamount Chain. We compute wavefields and synthetic record sections using finite difference methods to analyze how key structural features generate different seismic phases. Beyond the standard phases typically observed in oceanic lithosphere, the simulations reveal a broad range of <i>P</i>-wave and <i>P</i>-<i>to</i>-<i>S</i> converted phases generated by complex structures, including thick flexural-moat sediments, a stratified edifice with a high-velocity core, and the underlying oceanic crust-mantle transition. These results provide new insights into wave propagation through submarine volcanic structures, advise caution in phase identification, and highlight opportunities to incorporate additional phases into future tomography studies.</p>

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Toward improved seismic phase identification in submarine intraplate volcanoes: wavefield expressions of key geological structures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Megumi Fujimoto,
  • Robert A. Dunn,
  • Chong Xu

摘要

Accurate seismic phase identification is critical for producing high-quality subsurface images in tomography. Each phase carries unique information about Earth’s structure, so improved understanding of wavefields and phase behavior can lead to better image resolution and reveal new structural features. Recent field studies highlight the complexity of wavefield propagation across submarine volcanoes, where strong lateral heterogeneity and sharp velocity contrasts generate a diverse set of poorly understood seismic phases. Here, we investigate seismic wave propagation through an idealized model of an intraplate volcano, representative velocity structure derived from a recent tomography study of Jimmu Guyot, part of the Hawaiian-Emperor Seamount Chain. We compute wavefields and synthetic record sections using finite difference methods to analyze how key structural features generate different seismic phases. Beyond the standard phases typically observed in oceanic lithosphere, the simulations reveal a broad range of P-wave and P-to-S converted phases generated by complex structures, including thick flexural-moat sediments, a stratified edifice with a high-velocity core, and the underlying oceanic crust-mantle transition. These results provide new insights into wave propagation through submarine volcanic structures, advise caution in phase identification, and highlight opportunities to incorporate additional phases into future tomography studies.