<p>Accurate fault imaging in seismic data processing is crucial in understanding the subsurface characteristics in different sectors, such as oil and gas exploration, carbon capture and storage (CCS), geothermal energy extraction, and hazard assessment. Accurate velocity information and travel time approximations are critical in migration for imaging accurate subsurface images, which are required to interpret the faults accurately due to the limitations of travel time approximation at far angles/offsets in traditional methods such as 2nd-order and 4th-order approximations, leading to lower-resolution images or misleading subsurface images. Another limitation is that interval velocities are estimated using a traditional Dix equation that is unsuitable for complex geological environments. This study adopted the curved-ray travel time approximation combined with the Constrained Velocity Inversion (CVI) technique to overcome these limitations in fault imaging through the prestack time migration. The curved ray travel method approximates travel times by considering the curved paths of seismic waves that travel through subsurface geological formations, which is not possible in conventional methods. Also, CVI provides stable and geologically plausible formation-based smoothing interval velocities, which can be reviewed before considering prestack time migration. Thus, it provides an option to do quality analysis for interval velocities before application prestack time migration. From a comprehensive comparison of results, curved-ray travel time approximation with CVI-based migration has provided a better subsurface image than with 2nd-order/4th-order travel time approximation-based migration in identifying geological events such as dipping events, faults, and fractures.</p>

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Enhancement in imaging of faults using curve-ray travel time approximation based prestack time migration in the cauvery offshore basin, India

  • M. Nagendra Babu,
  • A. Asharaf

摘要

Accurate fault imaging in seismic data processing is crucial in understanding the subsurface characteristics in different sectors, such as oil and gas exploration, carbon capture and storage (CCS), geothermal energy extraction, and hazard assessment. Accurate velocity information and travel time approximations are critical in migration for imaging accurate subsurface images, which are required to interpret the faults accurately due to the limitations of travel time approximation at far angles/offsets in traditional methods such as 2nd-order and 4th-order approximations, leading to lower-resolution images or misleading subsurface images. Another limitation is that interval velocities are estimated using a traditional Dix equation that is unsuitable for complex geological environments. This study adopted the curved-ray travel time approximation combined with the Constrained Velocity Inversion (CVI) technique to overcome these limitations in fault imaging through the prestack time migration. The curved ray travel method approximates travel times by considering the curved paths of seismic waves that travel through subsurface geological formations, which is not possible in conventional methods. Also, CVI provides stable and geologically plausible formation-based smoothing interval velocities, which can be reviewed before considering prestack time migration. Thus, it provides an option to do quality analysis for interval velocities before application prestack time migration. From a comprehensive comparison of results, curved-ray travel time approximation with CVI-based migration has provided a better subsurface image than with 2nd-order/4th-order travel time approximation-based migration in identifying geological events such as dipping events, faults, and fractures.