<p>This study presents the interpretation results of 2D seismic reflection data and geophysical well logs, which were analyzed to characterize hydrocarbon reservoirs in the central offshore Tanzanian Basin. The focus was on understanding the reservoir-seal system, evaluating petroleum prospectivity, and suggesting potential factors contributing to the absence of petroleum discoveries in the study area. The studied geophysical well logs include neutron, density, resistivity, gamma, and sonic logs through Cenozoic stratigraphy of the study area. Both seismic reflection profiles and geophysical well logs indicate that the evolution of the studied sedimentary fills was governed by the combined effects of tectonics, sea-level changes, and sediment influx. The 2D seismic interpretation results have shown presence of potential reservoirs occurring in the Paleocene-Oligocene, Miocene and post Miocene sections. These reservoirs are contained in sheet sands, channel deposits and channel levees whereby geophysical well logs have confirmed the presence of at least three of them in the Paleocene-Oligocene stratigraphy. The confirmed reservoirs have effective porosity, shaliness and permeability ranging from 19 to 25%, 0.178–0.221, and 1499–1766&#xa0;mD, respectively. Despite these good reservoir properties, the exploration well X through the study area was reported to have penetrated dry prospects, an aspect that has been confirmed by the presented well logs. This may be partly attributed to structural factors, such as fractured prospects or a lack of communication between petroleum source kitchens and existing traps around the studied well location. Further research involving extensive mapping of migration pathways is recommended to identify potential areas where petroleum accumulations may be present.</p>