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<p>This study investigates the nonlinear dynamic behavior of perforated functionally graded porous (PFGP) sandwich nanobeams to enhance the design of nano-electromechanical resonators that require nonlinear stability. The proposed structure comprises a perforated core with a regular square-hole network, sandwiched between two functionally graded porous face layers. Axial compression, thermal loading, adatom adsorption, shear deformation, and size-dependent effects are modeled through Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory combined with von Kármán geometric nonlinearity. Hamilton’s principle is employed to derive the governing equations, while van der Waals (vdW) interactions between adatoms and the substrate are described using the Lennard–Jones (6–12) potential. The equations are reduced via the Galerkin method and analytically solved using the method of multiple scales to determine the nonlinear resonance frequency. The results reveal that the resonance frequency and stiffness of the nanobeam are significantly affected by the distribution of porosity, perforation geometry, adsorbed adatoms, nonlocal parameters, and temperature variation. Adsorption-induced atomic interactions cause a softening behavior that reduces structural rigidity. A comparative analysis between the Timoshenko and Euler–Bernoulli beam models highlights the crucial role of shear deformation in accurately capturing nanoscale dynamics. Overall, this research establishes a robust and adaptable analytical framework for modeling complex PFGP nanostructures. The findings offer valuable insights for designing and optimizing high-sensitivity MEMS/NEMS-based biosensors, resonators, and nanoscale actuators that operate under coupled thermo-mechanical conditions.</p>

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Adsorption mechanism-induced nonlinear response of nonlocal multilayer-based resonator with controlled thermal gradient

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Mohamed Mektout,
  • Hicham Bourouina,
  • Soumia Khouni,
  • Yahia Maiza,
  • Lamine Elaihar,
  • Abir Lamari,
  • Brahim Said Djellali

摘要

This study investigates the nonlinear dynamic behavior of perforated functionally graded porous (PFGP) sandwich nanobeams to enhance the design of nano-electromechanical resonators that require nonlinear stability. The proposed structure comprises a perforated core with a regular square-hole network, sandwiched between two functionally graded porous face layers. Axial compression, thermal loading, adatom adsorption, shear deformation, and size-dependent effects are modeled through Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory combined with von Kármán geometric nonlinearity. Hamilton’s principle is employed to derive the governing equations, while van der Waals (vdW) interactions between adatoms and the substrate are described using the Lennard–Jones (6–12) potential. The equations are reduced via the Galerkin method and analytically solved using the method of multiple scales to determine the nonlinear resonance frequency. The results reveal that the resonance frequency and stiffness of the nanobeam are significantly affected by the distribution of porosity, perforation geometry, adsorbed adatoms, nonlocal parameters, and temperature variation. Adsorption-induced atomic interactions cause a softening behavior that reduces structural rigidity. A comparative analysis between the Timoshenko and Euler–Bernoulli beam models highlights the crucial role of shear deformation in accurately capturing nanoscale dynamics. Overall, this research establishes a robust and adaptable analytical framework for modeling complex PFGP nanostructures. The findings offer valuable insights for designing and optimizing high-sensitivity MEMS/NEMS-based biosensors, resonators, and nanoscale actuators that operate under coupled thermo-mechanical conditions.