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<p>This study introduces a novel configuration in which piezoelectric layers with variable spanning angle along the pipe length are employed on a fluid–conveying pipe to analyze energy harvesting performance. The modeling framework is based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory combined with von–Karman nonlinear strain–displacement relations. The piezoelectric pipe is resting on a nonlinear viscoelastic foundation and simply supported at both ends, is subjected to external harmonic excitation near its primary resonance. Hamilton’s principle is employed to derive the governing equations of motion, which are subsequently reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations using the Galerkin method. The harmonic balance method is then utilized to derive analytical expressions for the frequency and force response of amplitude, voltage output and harvested power. The effects of damping coefficient, excitation force, excitation frequency, pipe length and load resistance on the system’s response are investigated in detail. The results reveal that there exists an optimal spanning angle of PZT layers that maximizes the electrical output; hence, using larger spanning angle does not necessarily lead to greater energy harvesting.</p>

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Energy harvesting from large amplitude vibrations of pipes conveying fluid using piezoelectric layers with varying spanning angle

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月6日

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  • Zahra Moeinaddini,
  • Ali Reza Saidi,
  • Mohammad Ali Sabahi

摘要

This study introduces a novel configuration in which piezoelectric layers with variable spanning angle along the pipe length are employed on a fluid–conveying pipe to analyze energy harvesting performance. The modeling framework is based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory combined with von–Karman nonlinear strain–displacement relations. The piezoelectric pipe is resting on a nonlinear viscoelastic foundation and simply supported at both ends, is subjected to external harmonic excitation near its primary resonance. Hamilton’s principle is employed to derive the governing equations of motion, which are subsequently reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations using the Galerkin method. The harmonic balance method is then utilized to derive analytical expressions for the frequency and force response of amplitude, voltage output and harvested power. The effects of damping coefficient, excitation force, excitation frequency, pipe length and load resistance on the system’s response are investigated in detail. The results reveal that there exists an optimal spanning angle of PZT layers that maximizes the electrical output; hence, using larger spanning angle does not necessarily lead to greater energy harvesting.