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Objective <p>To ascertain whether former small for gestational age (weight-for-gestational age &lt; 10th percentile, SGA), compared to non-SGA, US-born women have greater SGA rates in their grandchildren.</p> Methods <p>A multi-step strategy utilizing mother’s date of birth and full name was used to link the vital records of Chicago-born infants (born 2005–2017) to the Illinois transgenerational birth-file of their mothers (born 1989–1991) and maternal grandmothers (born 1956–1976). These matches accounted for differing naming practices, misspellings, and typographical errors. Our population was used to define generation-one women’s SGA based on sex. A population-based reference was used to define generation-three infant’s SGA based on sex average birthweight. Stratified and multivariable log binomial regression analyses were performed on singleton births. The Population Attributable Risk (PAR) percentages were calculated: P<sub>E|D</sub> * [(adjRR-1)/adjRR] were calculated.</p> Result <p>Former SGA women (n = 1510) had a greater percentage of SGA births in their grandchildren than former non-SGA women (n = 9466): 23.3% versus 17.6%; RR = 1.30 (1.14, 1.52). The adjusted (controlling for daughters’ selected covariates including race, education, prenatal care usage, and cigarette smoking) RR of grandchildren SGA among former SGA (compared to non-SGA) women equaled 1.22 (1.09, 1.36). The PAR of maternal grandmother’s SGA status equaled 4.3% percent among African-Americans. There were too few non-Latina White women to calculate a meaningful PAR%.</p> Conclusions <p>In the US, urban women who were themselves born SGA (compared to non-SGA) have a modest increased SGA frequency in their grandchildren. A small percentage of SGA African-American births is attributable to their maternal grandmother’s SGA status.</p>

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Third Generation Consequences of Small for Gestational Age Births

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • James W. Collins,
  • Tanvi Batish,
  • S. J. Cavé Doi,
  • Liz Lamere,
  • Kristin M. Rankin,
  • Nikhil G. Prachand

摘要

Objective

To ascertain whether former small for gestational age (weight-for-gestational age < 10th percentile, SGA), compared to non-SGA, US-born women have greater SGA rates in their grandchildren.

Methods

A multi-step strategy utilizing mother’s date of birth and full name was used to link the vital records of Chicago-born infants (born 2005–2017) to the Illinois transgenerational birth-file of their mothers (born 1989–1991) and maternal grandmothers (born 1956–1976). These matches accounted for differing naming practices, misspellings, and typographical errors. Our population was used to define generation-one women’s SGA based on sex. A population-based reference was used to define generation-three infant’s SGA based on sex average birthweight. Stratified and multivariable log binomial regression analyses were performed on singleton births. The Population Attributable Risk (PAR) percentages were calculated: PE|D * [(adjRR-1)/adjRR] were calculated.

Result

Former SGA women (n = 1510) had a greater percentage of SGA births in their grandchildren than former non-SGA women (n = 9466): 23.3% versus 17.6%; RR = 1.30 (1.14, 1.52). The adjusted (controlling for daughters’ selected covariates including race, education, prenatal care usage, and cigarette smoking) RR of grandchildren SGA among former SGA (compared to non-SGA) women equaled 1.22 (1.09, 1.36). The PAR of maternal grandmother’s SGA status equaled 4.3% percent among African-Americans. There were too few non-Latina White women to calculate a meaningful PAR%.

Conclusions

In the US, urban women who were themselves born SGA (compared to non-SGA) have a modest increased SGA frequency in their grandchildren. A small percentage of SGA African-American births is attributable to their maternal grandmother’s SGA status.