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Purpose <p>Viperid venoms are difficult to neutralize; up to 19 antivenom vials may be used for severe snake envenomation, so new adjuvants may improve the efficacy of antivenoms. This work aims to utilize chitosan nanoparticles as an immunoadjuvant for the development of neutralizing antibodies against four viperid venoms from the species <i>Lachesis acrochorda</i> (La), <i>Bothrops asper</i> (Bas), <i>Bothrops ayerbei</i> (Bay), and <i>Bothrops rhombeatus</i> (Br), which are of medical importance in Colombia. </p> Methods <p>Chitosan nanoparticles were loaded with four viper venoms and encapsulated via ionic gelation for use as an immunoadjuvant. Chromatography, electron microscopy, polydispersity index, and infrared spectroscopy demonstrated the encapsulation of the venoms.</p> Results <p>Rabbit immunizations were conducted using chitosan encapsulated venoms, and they were found qualitatively to be less harmful than the adjuvant control (incomplete Freund’s and aluminum hydroxide as adjuvants).</p> Conclusions <p>Although rabbit antibodies obtained with chitosan-venom nanoparticles showed no significant differences in antibody titers (AT50s) compared to the immunization control, they showed slightly better neutralization than the control group. Encapsulating chitosan nanoparticles with viperid venom could be a useful approach and an alternative immunoadjuvant for enhancing neutralizing antibodies.</p>

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Viperid Venom Immunization Using Chitosan Nanoparticles as Immunoadjuvant

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Karen Leonor Ángel-Camilo,
  • Jimmy Alexander Guerrero-Vargas,
  • Kenia Lisceth García-Barrera,
  • Miguel Angel Mejía-Sánchez,
  • Ramon Róseo Paula Pessoa Bezerra de Menezes,
  • Gerardo Corzo,
  • Alice Maria Costa Martins

摘要

Purpose

Viperid venoms are difficult to neutralize; up to 19 antivenom vials may be used for severe snake envenomation, so new adjuvants may improve the efficacy of antivenoms. This work aims to utilize chitosan nanoparticles as an immunoadjuvant for the development of neutralizing antibodies against four viperid venoms from the species Lachesis acrochorda (La), Bothrops asper (Bas), Bothrops ayerbei (Bay), and Bothrops rhombeatus (Br), which are of medical importance in Colombia.

Methods

Chitosan nanoparticles were loaded with four viper venoms and encapsulated via ionic gelation for use as an immunoadjuvant. Chromatography, electron microscopy, polydispersity index, and infrared spectroscopy demonstrated the encapsulation of the venoms.

Results

Rabbit immunizations were conducted using chitosan encapsulated venoms, and they were found qualitatively to be less harmful than the adjuvant control (incomplete Freund’s and aluminum hydroxide as adjuvants).

Conclusions

Although rabbit antibodies obtained with chitosan-venom nanoparticles showed no significant differences in antibody titers (AT50s) compared to the immunization control, they showed slightly better neutralization than the control group. Encapsulating chitosan nanoparticles with viperid venom could be a useful approach and an alternative immunoadjuvant for enhancing neutralizing antibodies.