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Background <p>Depression, as a common and disabling disorder globally, leads to both mental and physical alterations that negatively impact an individual’s quality of life. Ghrelin has been demonstrated to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of ghrelin with a focus on behavioral and biochemical responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse model of depression.</p> Methods <p>Ghrelin (5 nmol/kg) and saline were administered once daily for 7 consecutive days. On the 7th day, male mice received an injection of LPS (0.83&#xa0;mg/kg) 30&#xa0;min after being given pharmacological agents. All drugs were administered via intraperitoneal route. Behavioral tests including forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), sucrose preference test (SPT), and open field test (OFT) were conducted 24&#xa0;h following LPS administration. Furthermore, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as the corticosterone and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in serum were determined utilizing ELISA technique.</p> Results <p>Pretreatment with ghrelin significantly reduced the LPS-induced increase in immobility time observed in FST and TST, and also alleviated the decrease in sucrose consumption in SPT, while causing no significant changes in locomotor activity as assessed by OFT. Besides, pretreatment with ghrelin effectively lowered the increased serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and corticosterone, which were elevated due to LPS exposure. Ghrelin also ameliorated LPS-induced decline in serum BDNF level.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings indicate that ghrelin exerts protective function against LPS-induced depressive-like behavior by mitigating inflammation and supporting neuroprotection.</p>

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Prophylactic Effects of Ghrelin on Behavioral and Biochemical Outcomes in Male Mice Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月22日

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  • Fatemeh Zandasrar,
  • Samad Alimohammadi

摘要

Background

Depression, as a common and disabling disorder globally, leads to both mental and physical alterations that negatively impact an individual’s quality of life. Ghrelin has been demonstrated to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of ghrelin with a focus on behavioral and biochemical responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse model of depression.

Methods

Ghrelin (5 nmol/kg) and saline were administered once daily for 7 consecutive days. On the 7th day, male mice received an injection of LPS (0.83 mg/kg) 30 min after being given pharmacological agents. All drugs were administered via intraperitoneal route. Behavioral tests including forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), sucrose preference test (SPT), and open field test (OFT) were conducted 24 h following LPS administration. Furthermore, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as the corticosterone and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in serum were determined utilizing ELISA technique.

Results

Pretreatment with ghrelin significantly reduced the LPS-induced increase in immobility time observed in FST and TST, and also alleviated the decrease in sucrose consumption in SPT, while causing no significant changes in locomotor activity as assessed by OFT. Besides, pretreatment with ghrelin effectively lowered the increased serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and corticosterone, which were elevated due to LPS exposure. Ghrelin also ameliorated LPS-induced decline in serum BDNF level.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that ghrelin exerts protective function against LPS-induced depressive-like behavior by mitigating inflammation and supporting neuroprotection.