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Purpose <p>The global demand for recombinant human insulin and its analogs has increased markedly due to the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Emerging evidence indicates that insulin and its analogs may interact with insulin receptor subtype A and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptors, triggering mitogenic signaling pathways. Such interactions may contribute to enhanced proliferation and metastasis in breast cancer cells. This review aims to examine the potential contribution of insulin analogs, particularly long-acting analogs such as glargine and detemir, to breast cancer cell proliferation and to highlight the need for safety evaluation parameters for these therapeutics.</p> Methods <p>A comprehensive review of published literature was conducted, including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies investigating the association between insulin analogs and breast cancer cell proliferation. Studies evaluating receptor binding, mitogenic activity, and epidemiological associations between insulin therapy and breast cancer risk were analyzed.</p> Results <p>Evidence from experimental and clinical studies suggests that certain insulin analogs, particularly long-acting formulations such as glargine and detemir, may exhibit enhanced mitogenic potential through interactions with insulin receptor subtype A and IGF-1 receptors. These receptor-mediated pathways have been associated with increased cell proliferation in breast cancer models. Epidemiological findings also indicate that females with diabetes receiving insulin therapy may have an elevated risk of breast cancer development or progression, particularly when additional risk factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, hereditary predisposition, and other comorbidities are present.</p> Conclusion <p>Insulin analogs remain essential for diabetes management; however, their potential mitogenic effects warrant careful evaluation. Incorporating appropriate safety parameters to assess breast cancer proliferation risk during the quality control and regulatory evaluation of insulin analogs may help ensure safer therapeutic use while maintaining their clinical benefits.</p>

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Investigating the Role of Insulin and Its Analogs in Breast Cancer Proliferation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Nupur Garg,
  • Charu Mehra Kamal,
  • Harish Chander

摘要

Purpose

The global demand for recombinant human insulin and its analogs has increased markedly due to the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Emerging evidence indicates that insulin and its analogs may interact with insulin receptor subtype A and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptors, triggering mitogenic signaling pathways. Such interactions may contribute to enhanced proliferation and metastasis in breast cancer cells. This review aims to examine the potential contribution of insulin analogs, particularly long-acting analogs such as glargine and detemir, to breast cancer cell proliferation and to highlight the need for safety evaluation parameters for these therapeutics.

Methods

A comprehensive review of published literature was conducted, including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies investigating the association between insulin analogs and breast cancer cell proliferation. Studies evaluating receptor binding, mitogenic activity, and epidemiological associations between insulin therapy and breast cancer risk were analyzed.

Results

Evidence from experimental and clinical studies suggests that certain insulin analogs, particularly long-acting formulations such as glargine and detemir, may exhibit enhanced mitogenic potential through interactions with insulin receptor subtype A and IGF-1 receptors. These receptor-mediated pathways have been associated with increased cell proliferation in breast cancer models. Epidemiological findings also indicate that females with diabetes receiving insulin therapy may have an elevated risk of breast cancer development or progression, particularly when additional risk factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, hereditary predisposition, and other comorbidities are present.

Conclusion

Insulin analogs remain essential for diabetes management; however, their potential mitogenic effects warrant careful evaluation. Incorporating appropriate safety parameters to assess breast cancer proliferation risk during the quality control and regulatory evaluation of insulin analogs may help ensure safer therapeutic use while maintaining their clinical benefits.